12i! 



as the femora; femora dull, covered all over with soft pubescence except 

 along the minutely transversely striate often sunken underside of the front 

 femora and on a streak at the inner apical quarter of the hind femcra, 

 these parts being bare and moderately shining ; front tibiae about the 

 apex and the front tarsi beneath or about the side with peculiar touch- 

 hairs. 



Abdomen as broad as or slightly broader but hardly longer than 

 the thorax, moderately flattened, gradually narrowed towards the apex 

 especially on the male which is more or less pointed. Pubescence 

 short and depressed, rather abundant (though it is not conspicuous), 

 but very easily rubbed away ; the pubescence on the disc of each seg- 

 ment is usually shorter than that on the hind margin, and is more or 

 less longer towards the apex and sides ; pubescence on the ventral 

 side is almost always more conspicuous than that on the dorsum, and 

 on the seventh segment there is always some distinct erect blackish 

 bristly hairs. Genitalia two-jointed, the basal segment somewhat quad- 

 rate and the second segment half-ovate. 



The larvae are usually a semiaquatic creature (but sometimes 

 aquatic), living in damp earth, in sand, or under decaying leaves and 

 stalks on damp earth or sometimes in water, and they feed on dead 

 or living soft bodied creature or decaying vegetable matter. The larvae 

 circular in transverse section, elongate, tapering at both ends, and 

 with a swelling ring near the anterior margin of each segment except 

 on the first three segments and the two apical ones ; head very small, 

 retractile ; posterior respiratory organs placed in a vertical cleft and closed 

 together. 



Pupa slender, gradually narrowed apically ; head without pro- 

 jecting thorns ; thorax with the sessile respiratory organs which are 

 connected subcutaneously with a large cavity on each side of median 

 line close to anterior margin of prothorax. Abdomen bearing one or 

 two closely placed series of short bristles on each segment except on 

 the first, and a somewhat inconspicuous transverse series on ventral 



