NOMENCLATURE AND MORPHOLOGY. 09 



nees reunies en angle superieurenient, opercule posterieur a 

 epine .sur un appendice niembraneux angiileux. Bouche tres- 

 fendue, machoires a grandes dents, sans levres, rinferieure pro- 

 longee. Una nageoire dorsale depriniee au confluent des rayons 

 epineux. Nageoires thoraciques a 5 rayons dont 1 epineux. 

 Anus au mileu. A genre differe priiicipalenient du genre EtJte- 

 odoina par la forme du corps de la bouche et I'opercule ecailleux. 

 C. pioictidatas. Olivatre, parseme de points noirs tres, rap- 

 proches, ligne laterale pen courbee; queue bilobee, Jaune a la 

 base noire au milieu, blanche au bout. D. \^, A. y^^^, P. 15, 

 C. 24. Noms vulgaires de I'Ohio, Black-perch et Fine-tail." — 

 (Rafinesque, Jonr. de Physique, V, 88, 420, June, 1819.) 



Calliukus Raflnesque, 1820. — " Body elongate, compressed, 

 scaly ; fore part of the head without scales, neck and gill-covers 

 scaly ; mouth large with strong teeth in both jaws, and without 

 lips. Gill-cover double, preopevcule divided downwards into 

 three curved and carinated sutures, without serrature; ojDercule 

 with an acute and membranaceous appendage, before Avhich 

 stands a flat spine. One dorsal fin, spiny anteriorly, depressed 

 in the middle. Anal fin with sj^iny rays, thoracic with none, 

 and only five soft rays. Vent nearly medial. 



The generic name means fine-tail. It diflJers principally from 

 the genus Holocentrus, by the head, scaly gill-cover and singular 

 preopercule : genus 12 of my 70 new genera of American ani- 

 mals."— (Rafinesque, Ich. Ohi. 26, 1820.) 



Lepomis Rafinesque, 1820. — "This genus differs from Holo- 

 centrus by having the opercule scaly, from Calliurus by the 

 opercule only being sucli, while the preopercule is simple and 

 united above with a square suture over the head, besides the 

 thoracic fins with 6 rays. Perhaps the CaUmrus ought only to 

 be a subgenus of this. From the G. IdJielis it differs by the 

 large mouth and spines on the opercule. 



The name means scaly gills. The species are numerous 

 throughout the United States. They are permanent ; but ram- 

 blers in the Ohio and tributary streams. They are fishes of 



