Co 



PnoCEEDINGS OF THE 



was President of the Liimean Society from 1S49 to 1853, and upon 

 his retiring from the Cliair, he presented the Pusch copy of tlie 

 Liunean portrait to the Society, 



Q>) 



Tn the second and more detaihxl account f>iven by !Mr. (now Dr.) 

 AVilliam Carruthers* of tlie various portraits known of Linne, lie 

 lias recorded his belief that the frontispiece to the ' Flora 

 hipponiea' represents the autlior himself, with a Lapland drinn on 

 his knees, which, it is suggested, is a press for drying plants (Proc. 

 1905-6, p. 60). I am myself forced to regard the whole frontis- 

 piece as representing the country and its inliahitants, some of the 

 objects as drawn by Linne, others, such as the mountains, as imaginetl 

 by the Dutch artist. The figure in the foreground is a Lapp in 

 front of liis tent, with the magic drum on his knees, some small 

 stones on the stretched skin, and a forked instrument to set tlie 

 membrane in vibration and cause the stones to move on to certain 

 representations of deities and objects of every-day life, by which 

 the future might be forecast. These drums were formerly common 

 amongst the Lapps, but the Swedish missionaries discouraged 

 their preservation as savouring of superstition, and large numbers 

 were destroyed. The ultimate fate of Linne's specimen seems 

 unknown ; he had it with him in Amsterdam, when the full- 

 length canvas was painted by M. Hoffman. 



Prof. Tullberg, on the authority of Prof. K. B. Wiklund, has 

 given in his 'Linneportratt/ p. 92, the following explanation of 

 the designs drawn upon the drum in the lloli'man portrait, as also 

 the text-ligure here reproduced, slightly reduced in size. The 



drum consisted of an oval frame of wood over w hich was stretched 

 a skin, upon which many figures were drawn ; it was used by the 

 Lapps to search out hidden matters, which was done by placing 

 stones or other small objects on tlie drum-skin, which was then 

 thrown into vibration by means of a fork-like instrument, which 



* Troc. Liiiu. Soc. IttUo-G, p. 60. 



