LIlSTNEAy HERBARIUM. 21 



place: thus Hedysarum in the 10th edition of tlie ' Systema ' has 

 no fewer than twelve, A to l inclusive. In the second edition of the 

 'Species' 1762-3, an entirely new numbering was carried through, 

 and in the 12th edition of the ' fSystema ' 1767, additions were 

 numbered in sequence with the ' Species' numbers, but put into 

 their athnity, regardless of numerical order, but this emended set 

 was not applied to the herbarium. After this date, such numbers 

 were abandoned. Numbers are also found I'eferring to lists sent 

 with plants. 



Damage to Herbarium before 1783. 



The herbarium suffered risks and actual damage before it came 

 into the hands of Smith in 1784. We have an account by 

 Beckmann, the author of the ' Century of Inventions,' that on 

 30th April, 1766, a fire broke out in Uppsala during a fierce 

 gale and destroyed a large part of the town. Linne had his 

 herbarium and library removed to a barn outside the town, but 

 the risk to which it was exposed led him to build his little 

 museum at Hammarby, some distance from the house, and 

 Avithout a fireplace. This in its turn pi'oduced the opposite evils 

 of damp and mould ; the younger Linne complained of the 

 terrible damage done by mice, mould and insects, and at the first 

 opportunit}^, he removed the collections once more into the town. 

 Linne left a memorandum begging that the herbariiun should be 

 kept from harm by mice or moths, that no naturalist should have 

 a single specimen — valuable by itself, it would acquire added 

 value by age, and he then gave the probable value of the various 

 parts of his collections. But a loss had already taken place 

 before the death of its possessor ; the son in a letter of 1779 to 

 Archiater Back, says : — " My late father weeded out his herba- 

 rium, while he was able to work, and seems to have burned all the 

 duplicates, why, no one knows" (Fries, Linne, ii. p. 416, note). 

 The terrible damage by mice is not now perceptible, for I only 

 noticed tx^o sheets which had been gnawed ; the son must have 

 withdrawn the damaged sheets, and amongst these may have 

 been those I have had to note as missing, such as Cupania and 

 Sarracen'ui. 



Collateral Type-collections. 



There are other collections which may be looked upon as 

 containing types of Linne's species, especially when his own 

 herbarium is wanting in them, or they were acquired after the 

 descriptions were published. The Martin-Burser herbarium at 

 Uppsala is a casein point ; in the Am. Acad. i.pp. 141-171 will be 

 found descriptions of 250 plants, with Linnean names to fit 

 those according to Caspar Bauhin's ' Pinax,' and several of them 

 seem never to have been represented in Linne's herbarium at any 

 time, such as Poa Eraijrostis, Antho,vanthum patiiculaium, Allium 



