APPENDICES. 131 



Spawn's Climax Sprat Pumps. 

 (See figs. 5 atid 6.) 



Fig. 5 represents Spawn's Improved Spray Pump, and is arranged 

 so that it can be drawn by one horse. The tanks each hold about 

 10 gallons. One tank is used as a mixing tank, and by opening the 

 stop-cock between the two it is strained into the pumping tank. 



Price: With 20 feet of hose, £7. 



Fig. 6 represents Spawn's Spray Pump and Fire Engine combined. 



Price: Equipped with 50 feet of hose, £ll. 



The tanks are made of galvanized iron, and the pumps of brass. 



Makers : A. F. Spawn, Horsham. 



The Triplet Cyclone Nozzle. 

 {See Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.) 



This nozzle is the invention of the late Frazer S. Crawford, of 

 Adelaide, who first introduced the cyclone nozzle to the notice of 

 Australian fruit-growers. The triplet consists of three cyclone or 

 Riley nozzles fixed together at such angles as to form the most efficient 

 spray. The original triplet, as experimented with and described in the 

 report on Fusicladiums, was made so that the nozzles could be placed 

 at any desired angle, but those made by Mr. Dobbie, of Adelaide, and 

 copied by New Zealand and other manufacturers, have the jets permanently 

 fixed at these angles, that Mr. Crawford found best in practice. This 

 gentleman has also improved on the original nozzle, as described by 

 Barnard, by having the walls of the chamber made thicker, so as to 

 allow of an indiarubber washer being used, and thereby much less 

 screwing is required to make the cap fit watertight. The nozzle 

 should be attached by at least 15 feet of hose to any good garden force- 

 pump. 



We have reproduced Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, from Mr. Crawford's 

 Report on the Fusicladiums, 1886. In describing the above figures 

 Mr. Crawford quoted from Mr. Hubbard's Report on insects affecting 

 the orange, forwarded by the U.S. Department of Agi'iculture, as 

 follows : — 



" In dealing with an enemy so thoroughly protected as are many of 

 the bark lice, liquid insecticides should be applied in as fine a spray as 

 possible, or at least in moderately fine spray, driven with considerable 

 force, in order to increase to the utmost their penetrating power. The 

 aim should also be to reach and thoroughly wet every portion of an 

 infested tree, so that no individual scale insect shall escape the action 

 of the liquid. This result is not attainable by the old method of send- 

 ing a jet from a distance into the tops of the trees. An ordinary 

 garden syringe is practically useless. There is needed a force-pump 

 and a nozzle, giving a finely atomized spray This nozzle should be 



