112 MK. F. SMITH ON THE GEOQEArniCAL DISTEIBUTION 



Of the very numerous species which constitute the family CeA- 

 BEONiDiE some are found in most parts of the world. The genus 

 Trypoxylon is apparently generally distributed ; about thirty spe- 

 cies are now known ; the type T.Jigulus occurs throughout Europe, 

 in the warmest as well as the coldest latitudes, specimens having 

 been received from Italy, France, Germany, Sweden, Finland, and 

 Lapland. The typical genus Crabro, if we reject those species 

 which have the abdomen petiolated and form the genus Hhopalum 

 of Kirby, inhabits the temperate latitudes ; it occurs throughout 

 Europe, also in North America, at East Florida, and Hudson's 

 Bay ; the only species at present known from other countries are 

 three from Northern India, two from Brazil, and one from Tas- 

 mania ; the range of individual species is not very great. 



Of the beautiful and very generally distributed species of the 

 genus Cerceris about one hundred are known. The five species 

 found in this country are common throughout Europe ; C. ornata 

 has also occurred in Algeria ; about thirty species are found in 

 Europe, forty in Africa, two in Australia, twenty in the East, and 

 thirty in North and South America. The very closely allied genus 

 Philanthus is much less numerous, about thirty only being known. 

 The type, P. triangulum, is found throughout Europe ; species are 

 scattered over most parts of the globe, extending north as far as 

 Denmark, but they have not occurred in Australia to my know- 

 k'dge. 



FamUy Vespid^. — With the exception of the Formicidae, no 

 family contains individual species so widely distributed as are 

 those belonging to the Vespidse. The typical species, V. vulgaris, 

 is common throughout Europe, it occurs in Madeira, North 

 Africa, and is also found in North America ; V. rufa occui's 

 in America, and, as well as F. Germanica, is also met with in 

 Algeria ; the latter species has also been found in Northern 

 India and in Syria. One or two species appear to be confined 

 to Northern Europe : V. Norvegica is found in the north of 

 England, in Sweden and Norway, F. onedia beiag apparently 

 confined to the two latter countries. Vespa crabro is a species 

 probably more widely distributed than any other belonging to 

 the family; it occurs throughout Europe, to the north, as far 

 as Lapland ; it may also prove not to be specifically distinct 

 from V. orientalis, which occurs throughout the East, or from 

 V. crahroniformis from 'North China. About forty species of 

 this genus are known, but none have hitherto been found in 

 Australia or in South Africa. F. orientaJis is found in Greece, 



