158 KANSAS UNIVKRSI'IV (QUARTERLY. 



few pebbles. Tlie main section shows blocks of limestone 3 V^ feet 

 in length down to inch pieces. Rounded limestone bowlders are 

 also present. Pebbles and gravel, rounded and angular limestone 

 bowlders are mixed indiscriminately together and packed com- 

 pactly. Blocks of quartzite also appear but they are as numerou's 

 as the bowlders of limestone and granite. Blocks are also found 

 which show that they have been consolidated and hardened from 

 rock rubbish similar to that which here lies around loose. Ver- 

 tically above the bowlders there appears light gray clay, then red 

 sand with pebbles. Ascending the bluff, all the way up to point 

 where cave has been made by children is found the red sand with 

 pebbles. On the walls of this cave can be S3en wavy strata of 

 sand i}4 feet long, and blotches of red sand gravel. On top of bluff 

 there are a few bowlders. A short distance up the creek are some 

 sand pits. These are in same bluff a- preceding section, and about 

 midway between top and bottom. They show irregular la3'ers of 

 white, light brown, coarse brown and gravelly sand. South of 

 Holton about a mile are several sections of interest on the Rock 

 Island Road. The first is about 25 feet in depth, the material is 

 3'ellow sandy clay. At the base of a 9 inch layer of soil is a 3inch 

 layer of pebbles. This stands out very conspicuously, with no 

 similar layer above or below it. The layer follows the curve of the 

 ridge through which the section has been made. Pebbles are not 

 noticeable elsewhere in the section. Farther along the railroad is an- 

 other section 15 feet in depth. Three and one-half feet from the 

 top ''3 a layer of pebbles up to seven inches in length. Below 

 this is the sandy clay to the bottom. Farther south is another sec- 

 tion 120 feet long. A layer of pebbles appears here as in previous 

 sections with the clay l)elow. The first section in tlie Holton 

 region of which mention has been made shows that the hill, a part 

 of which it discloses, is moraine in nature. It deserves more study. 

 I went asfar to the east of Holton as Larkin, about nine miles; 

 whili some interesting sections occur, there is nothing similar to 

 that of the Elk Creekbluff in Holton. There is no evidence that 

 the moraine, if it is properly such, as it occurs at Holton, extends 

 to the east. 



2. Pottawatomie Indian Reservation. 



I found no driftless region within the territory usually definetl as 

 covered with drift until I reached the southern part of the Potta- 

 watomie Indian Reservation in Jackson county. This is about 

 twenty miles to the north of the southern limit of drift as sketclied 

 in geological maps of Kansas. On the Reservation appear terraced 

 hiils, the typical erosion found in the native limestone of which 



