'1^2 KANSAS UM\K,KsnN (,)i; A R I KRLV. 



To these considerations are to be added (i) the testimony of 

 Phitarch (Per. 8) to the effect that Pericles left no written speech. 

 (2) Quintilian declared those extracts in his time to be spurious. 

 (Cicero in Brut. 7., evidently refers to those speeches imputed to 

 Pericles by Thucydides with no thought of expressing an opinion 

 as to their genuineness. ) (3 ) The picture of Athens as painted 

 in the epitaphios forms a fitting comparison to that of Sparta pre- 

 sented in the speech of Archidamus in i-8off. . in which we trace 

 again the mind of Thucydides, so visible throughout his entire 

 history in the pairing of speeches, and which contributes so much 

 to its dramatic effect. In fact the speech seems rather to have been 

 written for the student of history than for an audience of mourners. 

 (4) It is observable that Thucydides, in ushering in his speakers, 

 studiously employs terms implying that he is only reproducing the 

 substance of what they said or might have said, e. g. : cAeye ra8e 

 or ravra. (5 ) Thucydides used his speeches, as his special means of 

 tracing back the visible facts to the internal moving causes and in 

 no speech is this principle more clearly seen than in this funeral 

 oration. For there can be no doubt that the speeches attri- 

 buted to Pericles and this one in particular, do accurately repre- 

 sent the characteristic features of Pericles' policy. No dramatist 

 ever better understood the art of thinking and feeling everyone of 

 his characters than Thucydides. From an Athenian he can become 

 Archidamus, or Hermocrates. He can lose his individualit}' as the 

 historian and don or doff any make-up at pleasure. As an artist 

 he plays each role with a view to the unity of the whole and here 

 his individuality never forsakes him. He recognizes in Pericles 

 the foremost statesman of his time; he represents him as a believer 

 in Athens for Athenians, as an advocate of peace, arbitration, reci- 

 procity, — the Henry of Navarre of Greece. He thinks Pericles, he 

 feels Pericles, he writes Pericles — not Pericles the orator, but 

 Pericles the man, the statesman, the policy, and in painting Peri- 

 cles, he paints the Periclean age. 



{"Stylistic Comparison Based on Participle and Finite Verb. 

 It would be interesting to make a minute comparative study ot 

 the five different epitaphioi in their use of hiatus; of questions: of 

 doublets; of vocabulary: the reflexive pronoun; the articular infini- 

 tive; the correlatives re . . . /cat and re . . . re: the prepositions; anti- 

 thesis, hyperbola, methaphor, and simile: syntax and periodology; 

 the period and the individuality: the rythmical law according to 

 which Demosthenes avoided the accumulation of more than two 

 short syllables; and so forth, but the limits of space would not 



