90 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 



are practically alike in Anasa, Euchistus, and Jlippiscus. But if 

 this parallelism extends throughout the process, as I am confident 

 that it does, then Paulmier has fallen into error in his interpretation 

 of the final stages and, with this, in the sequence of the longitudinal 

 and cross cleavages. 



I believe it will be found that he has overlooked the movements of 

 the chromatids in the raetai^hase of the first spermatocyte division. 

 I would call attention to the striking resemblance between his Fig. 12 

 and Fig. 22e of this paper. This would seem to indicate the identical 

 character of these two chromosomes, and I think further study will 

 confirm this belief. I would, therefore, suggest that Paulmier is mis- 

 taken in considering that the first division is a cross and the second 

 a longitudinal. The reverse of this, I think, I have shown to be the 

 case. 



Mention has already been made of the nomenclature employed by 

 Montgomery (8) in considering the phases of cell division. I wish 

 here to protest against his use of well-established terms in other 

 senses than those intended by their originators. It is with difficulty, 

 from Montgomery's description, that one can trace out the cycles of 

 changes undergone by cells during division. 



In discussing the first spermatocyte, he commences with the "ana- 

 phase." The term " anaphase " was first used by Strasburger in 1884 to 

 designate that phase of indirect cell division during which the chro- 

 mosomes are transported from the equatorial plate to the poles of the 

 cell and there transformed into the diffuse chromatin of the resting 

 nucleus. By the introduction of the term "telophase" (which is also 

 employed by Montgomery), the anaphase is made to include only the 

 changes involved in the transportation of the chromatin elements 

 from the equator to the poles of the cell. If, therefore, it is used by 

 Montgomery in its proper sense, it would be the anaphase of the 

 spermatogonia, and not of the spermatocyte, that is described. If not 

 thus used, then it is misapplied with a new meaning. Such appears 

 to be the case. 



Three sub-phases are mentioned by Montgomery as occurring 

 under the anaphases. These are the "early anaphase," the "synap- 

 sis," and the "posf-synapsis." Since the "early anaphase" witnesses 

 the formation of a nuclear membrane around the groups of chromo- 

 somes arising from the last spermatogonial division, it must corre- 

 spond to the true telophase, for, according to Heidenhain, this is the 

 period during which the daughter nuclei are supplied with membranes 

 and during which the nuclei are reconstructed. Montgomery's early 

 anaphase is, therefore, the telophase of the spermatogonia. 



It is a difficult matter to locate the "synapsis." Moore, who coined 



