196 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 



"The following section is observed reaching from the top of the mound to this 

 Cottonwood Falls rock: 



" 1. Ten feet of limestone, with flint nodules very abundant in the upper por- 

 tion. 



"2. Fifty feet of bufl" shales and thin limestones. 



"3. Thirty inches of porous limestone, with eight to ten inches of prismatic 

 blue flint overlying it. 



"4. About thirty feet of shales and thin limestones. 



"5. Thirty inches of hard prismatic limestone. 



"6. Two feet and ten inches of a compact limestone. 



"7. A three- foot bed of calcareous shales very full of fossils. 



"The upper strata (1) are very characteristic and persistent. They were 

 traced north along the Blue river to the Nebraska line and west to Washington 

 county. They occasion the flat-topped bluff's so conspicuous on either side of the 

 Blue river from Bigelow to Waterville. The flint nodules in the upper stratum 

 are quite like agate in concentric structure. The limestone in which they are 

 embedded is quite soft, and weathers easily, leaving the nodules exposed and pro- 

 truding." 



The Strong flint passes beneath the Big Blue river about' 

 three miles south of Marysville, and the Florence flint passes 

 on north into Nebraska, According to Knerr, the flint on tojo 

 of the hills at Waterville, Blue Rapids, Marysville, Irving and 

 at Twin Mounds is all the same. From his section, it is diffi- 

 cult to ascertain whether the Strong flint or the Florence flint 

 is meant, because both flints occur in the region. The bluffs 

 at Irving are certainly capped by the Strong flint, as are also 

 those north of Blue Rapids, while the bluffs at Waterville, 

 Marysville and northward contain the Florence flint and lime- 

 stone. 



The following section, on the north side of the Dennis farm, 

 just east of Bigelow, passing up the hill going east, gives an 

 excellent idea of tlie Neosho formation in the north Kansas 

 Permian. The section is exposed in the road and every inch 

 of the strata is visible. The section is given in minute detail, 

 to give an idea of the general nature of the formation here. 

 While the minute details vary in going a short distance, yet 

 the general appearance does not vary greatly. 



Dennis Section, east of Bigelow.* IT^'i^. 7t?^it 



21. Gray limestone near the top of the hill ? 



20. Shales, uppermost part quite calcareous 15 — 86 — 4 



19. Gray limestone 1 — 2 71 — i 



18. Green and red shales 12-0 70—2 



17. Gray, impure limestone with Pseudomonotis 2 — 58—2 



16. Dark red and yellow shales 10-0 56 — 2 



15. Gray limestone in four thin layers 1 — 8 46 — 2 



* North side section 12, Bigelow township. 



