72 Procecdhif/s of fiuJidiHt Academy of Science. 



The subjects are told first to cross out iill the words in small letters 

 which are connected in their mind, or associated, with the word in capitals 

 at the beginning of each list. They are then told to go through the lists 

 again, and draw a circle around the one word in each list which is most' 

 closely connected with the capitalized word. The words are chosen very 

 carefully with reference to pathological conditions and criminology. Thus 

 following "DREAM" is the word "floating", since according to certain 

 psychiatrists dreams of floating have a definite significance. Following 

 "DEATH" are the words "water", "self", "welcome", "hopeless", as words 

 naturally associated by many persons going through an emotional crisis. 

 The test has back of it a large body of research going to show that in path- 

 ological conditions peculiar connections between ideas ai-e a very important 

 symptom. The words used are primarily words of strong emotional con- 

 tent, with the idea that an emotional condition would show itself also 

 in more extensive associations. Scoring again takes into account both 

 of these possibilities ; first the number of words crossed out is counted, 

 then the number of peculiar associates, in selecting the word most closely 

 connected with the capitalized word. 



The third test consists of twenty-five lists of which the five below will 

 serve as examples : 



begging swearing smoking flirting spitting 



fear hate anger jealousy suspicion 



dullness weakness ignorance innocence meekness 



careless fussy reckless silly childish 



poor extravagant sporty slirewd bad-mannered 



The subjects are told first to cross out everything they consider wrong. 

 Then they are told to go through again and draw a circle around the one 

 thing in each list they consider worst. The test is an attempt to put in a 

 convenient group test form an ethical discrimination test. The general 

 purpose of the test is obvious, and it need hardly be said that it has a long 

 history and an obvious relevance in the study of delinquents. Scoring 

 again is in terms of total words crossed out (or extensiveness of the moral 

 attitude of the individual) and unusual selection of the worst thing (or 

 idiosyncrasy in moral judgment). In general, an effort has been made to 

 obtain judgments as to the comparative importance of different types of 

 wrong-doing, as in the first list, or to obtain an indication of the tendency 

 of one's prejudices, as in the fourth. 



The fourth test consists of twenty-five lists such as : 



injustice noise self-consciousness discouragement germs 

 clothes conscience heart-failure poison sleep 

 sickness enemies money blushing failure 

 falling quoerness religion dizziness boss 

 sin operation conspiracy lightning marriage 



The subjects are told, first of all, to cross out all the things in this list 

 about which they have ever worried, and then to go over the lists again and 

 draw a circle around the one word in each list about which they have 

 worried most. Again the scoring is in terms of the total number crossed 



