V()l)l)_()KU;iN Ol I X I UA-N!OR.\NK 111.1.. ] .", 



Mitli (M|ii;il tV<'.>!ii!('ss. 'I'licir (lircclioii sonid iiiics docs not 

 harmonize \vit!i llicir i;l;ici:il oriiiin. CA) TIic osnr-likc 

 ri(lir<'.^ arc soiiu't iiitc-^ touiul on tlii- iiiit'T slope of tlic ontcr 

 moraine, and .^o related to channels across it as to indicutc 

 tlieii' contemiiorancoiis or siihseipient {"orniat ion, and tiierefore 

 cannot furnish e\iden<'e for an icc-slieet, uhicj) must liave 

 loiio- antedated the moraine. (4) Not withstand in.a" the 

 dirt'erences hctwcen t!ie till and red clay, the I'lirnn'r has heen 

 I'onnd to sometinu's to i)as> oradiiidly into tlic latter, and tiiick 

 strata <>f the latter often present the same features and 

 structure as the former. Therefore the rehition of these 

 formations to each other seems t.) favor suI)-a<jneous deposition 

 of the former, rather than otherwise. (.")) Tlie thickened 

 and elevated till does not exhi))it tlic knol)-and-I»asin structure 

 common in moraines, and m;iy he rationally refei-red to debris 

 accumulated by bei'ii-s stranding- on a shelvimi- shore. 



After replyini:- thus to the ariiuments for the first theory, 

 the followino- points were nrii-ed in faxor of the second, or 

 g-lacio-natant hyi)()thesis : 



1. Moraines and traces of ancient drainaire channels 

 found attendiiiir area.s, which have been certainly ijlaciated, 

 are not found attendina" the drift under consideration. 



2. The rare and slight disturbanc(> of unde'.lyinij- forma- 

 tions 4or))ids the idea that the rei>ion has been occi.pied by an 

 ice-sheet. 



;5. The .-.liiiht proportion ol loc;d material, in the cxtr:i- 

 morainic drift, indicates the snine. 



4. The evident former hori/ontality of the wolerii mar- 

 2-in of the drift, and the abseiu-e of drift :it a !iii.'her elevation 

 anywhere outside of the principal moraine. 



."). The difficulty of coneeivin.<>- an exten.^ion of an ice- 

 shoet over the extra-morainie till,, without violatini;- well 

 reeoo-nized conditions of irhieial motion. 



(). The fillina- of Lakes Airassiz, Minnesota and I)akot;i, 

 with till to a considerable extent, arijues stroni;ly by analo<:y 

 that Lake Missouri may have been similarly tilled. 



7. The correspoiulenee of th<> upper limit of the drift in 

 Nebraska to tin' upper bouldery tei'race of the Missom-i ;ibo\-e 



