Hi IOWA ACADKMV OF SCIKNCK, 



(i. The qviasi-reasoniiio' of brutes is conlined to sjn'-ifi;- lines 

 of suhsistenee and defense, jiist where we may s;i])p()se their 

 (>r"aiiisin is ciidowed with all Ih" activities rieeded. 



J. It docs not ()hser\al»ly [)roi>Tess in the individual for 

 !:[;' ov in the species for ai2-es. Sueh instances as nvw places 

 (>'' ncst-huildinu- and inrreas-d wariness, are not of i>ro,ii-res- 

 ■ . (• Hiind; and this is not sustained by the facts used in f;ivor 

 o'' im[)rovement or instinct by intelliii-ence. 



<i. iiational mind, as mc kno^v it. beo'iiis in helpless io-no- 

 lan-e and slowly conies to its powers by lono- trial and train- 

 in o-, 



;». The theory of rationality in brutes involves too hii^h 

 pro-esses of thouo-ht in tlie simplest examples a'ivcn. 



li). There is no e\ idence in animals of a lanu'uaii'e of con- 

 cepts — the necessity ;uid acc()mi)animent of reason in man. 



11. The entire psycholouy of man is inseparable fi-cm ins 

 S'df-"ons!'i()usness; and of such consciousness, w liich is the 

 onlv kind we can really conc(*ive, there is no evidiui -e in 

 brutes. 



12. The analogy fails in the physical ])asis. Th- brain o[ 

 cvon t!ie hi<>'hest ape is no better than a microce;)]\alous idiot, 

 in its volume. ]>el(nv vertebrates, nothinii- has yci Ix-en 

 proven to be homoloirous with the cerebrum, iu)t e\ (ai \\i 

 ants. The i>est authorities sIujw that the invertebr.it ;■ I)rain. 

 so-called, is .shaped by the s(ais(>s. It is a s^'usovi-motor 

 apparatus. 



ANIMAL AESTHETICS- 



nV CKOF. H. U. i'ARKKK. 

 KKcad by TitlcA 



This is a review of all the material facts bearinir on tiie 

 appreciation of beauty by animals l)elo\v \\\\\\\. 'I'lie cuncbi- 

 sion was that no such appreciation has been proven, a,nd lliar 

 it is excluded by the only theory of beauty that satisfu's ali 

 demands. 



