V.\ K K. I'. K A N 1 \l \ 1 . 1 \ 1 !■ 1 , 1 ,1 ( ; i; N (■ 



tion ill li.innoiiy with the i:' 'iicrai |tli'i)(nii('n;i <»!' iiiiiiiin! life. 

 Somo ()l)s('i-v;iti()iis l)y t li • >|) MXcr were uiciit ioix-d -is il lust rat - 

 i njjf the ufrcat principal tint iiiidcrlics t'lc (piasi-inicHio-ciicc 

 of hnttcs — in irxclloiis keenness (if s Mis^'s ahtni:" \villi no less 

 wonderliil ipiiekness and relent ixcness of association. 



This, wilhcMit t!ie <list nrl>inu- inlluence of reason, renders 

 l)ai-\vin"s theory of the Imildiiiii' u[) of instincts a po^siMe and 

 credible solntion. Sp"ucor is riojit in classino- these with 

 retiex acti(M)s and referring', for example, the pnrsnit and 

 cai)ture of prey to the direct action of \ isnal seiisat ion or 

 motor impnlses. No line can Ite di-awn except that we 

 nsnally confine the word reflex to inxolniitaiy acts that 

 immediately concern th" inleerity of the ori;anisni. I^ercep- 

 tion may or may not l»e [)resent in eitlier case. 



Th? analoo-y hetwM'cn human and hrnte acts, w liich is some- 

 times so strikinir outwardly, is not \alid psycholouicaHv, 



I. because instinct is nntjuest io.ia l>Iy tlic ruliuL;- fact in 

 animals. Besides there may lie many latent or occasional 

 instincts, or these may he simply modifi 'd I>y t!ie foi'cc of cir- 

 cnmstances in the ontworkini^-. 



'J. The exce[)tionality of the (piasi-intellii>t'nt acts lireak in 

 upon t!ie analoiry: and it is mot i)y another analoo-y in the 

 l)urely accitlental character of some of niairs secmino-ly wise 

 deeds. 



li. The sii|)(>i-|iiinian senses and sense-associations of ani- 

 mals weaken the anaIoi;y. while accoimtinir foi much (piasi- 

 intelliiicnce. 



4. ^\'itll such extra(U-dinary senses, the fi'cipient and i;ross 

 !)lnnders of hriito in perception should n(»t occur on the 

 t!uH)ry of reason. 



."). Animals low in the seal-, includinir three suh-kiuir- 

 doms, are not claimed to l»i' intelliu-ent : yet their acts, as 

 •riven on liood authority, offer as strikino- instances of seem- 

 iu'j- wisdom as in man\ of the hii^licr (li\ isions. 



