8g IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



The White Pine [Pmus strobus, L.) is the most common conifer along the 

 Black River. In the northern part of La Crosse and in the eastern part of 

 Vernon county it is common on the sandy, loamy soil; near the Mississippi 

 river it only occurs on the sandstone ledges. Small groups occur on stiff 

 sandstone ledge near Oehler's Mills, Morman Cooley and the sandstone ledge 

 about seven miles from La Crosse near the Tamarack Swamp. Small groups 

 also occur at Bangor. One small tree grew spontaneously in State Road 

 Cooley on my father's farm. The nearest tree growing wild from this point 

 is four miles. Large trees were once found at La Crescent, Minnesota, and 

 quite a group of these Pines occurs near Clayton, Iowa. Northern Scrub 

 Pine [Pinus banksiana, Lambert) occurs on the sandy prarie soil along the 

 La Crosse and Black rivers, where little else grows besides Bouteloua hirsuta, 

 Fanicum virgatum, Aristida, Petalostemo?i violacetis, Pentsteman ptibescens, 

 Lupimcs perennis, Viola delphinij'olia, Anemone pjatens var., nuttalliana, 

 Potentillaargentea, Baj)tisia leucophcea. Norway or Red Pine {P. resinosa. Ait.) 

 occurs in solated places in sand bottoms of the Black River, and much more 

 commonly on the sandy, rocky ledges of the Kickapoo River near Rockton. 



Hemlock [Tsuga canadensis, Carr) I have not seen along the Mississippi 

 River, nor does it occur near the mouths of the Black, La Crosse and Wis- 

 consin Rivei-s, but near Rockton on the Kickapoo River, which is tributary 

 of the Wisconsin, numerous groups occur. Dwarf Cornel [Gornus canaden- 

 sis), Trailing Arbutus or May Flower {Epigcea repens) and Glintonia borealis 

 as well as ferns like Asplenmn thelyteroides, Aspidium spinulosum var. inter- 

 medium, Onoclea struthiopteris, flourish under its shade among decaying 

 logs and leaves. 



Tamarack [Larix laricinva) grows in the peaty swamps of La Crosse and 

 Trempleau rivers. During dry portions of the year tamarack swamps are pass- 

 able, but during wet years they are for the most part impassable. Owing to 

 frequent overflows, which carry with them much soil from tilled land, these 

 swamps are gradually tilling up, and as a consequence, the Tamarack in 

 these localities is losing ground. I found a small swamp near La Crescent, 

 Minnesota, but in a few years this swamp will be a thing of the past. 



Red Cedar [Juniperus virginiana, L.) grows along the Mississippi River in 

 the sandy out-crops and limestone rocks, and most abundantly in the sandy 

 bottoms of the Black River. 



I have indicated, in a measure, the principal forest trees between Trem- 

 pleau, Wisconsin, and Dubuque, Iowa. In the northern portion Betula 

 papyrifera, B. nigra, Juglans cinerea, Larix, Pimis strobus are much more 

 numerous than farther southward. Platanus occidentalis, Gleditschia 

 triacanthos, Gymnocladus dioicus, Juglans nigra, Quercus miihlenbergii, and 

 Morus rubra are southern ti-ees which have moved northward along the Mis- 

 sissippi, and, therefore, are found close to its shores and the smaller streams 

 tributary thereto. 



