120 IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 



The results from the study of the grasses presented readily 

 show that the chemical composition of a grass varies within 

 wide limits, and that a knowledge of the composition of any 

 grass can be made of great value in determining the time 

 which is best adapted for cutting, for making hay, or for gen- 

 eral feeding purposes. 



A CHEMICAL STUDY OF BUTTER INCREASERS. 



BY J. B. WEEMS AND F. W. BOUSKA. 



In connection with the investigations in the chemical labor- 

 ratory of the experiment station of problems connected with 

 the amount of water present in butter, analyses were made of 

 two samples of butter which appeared to contain a very large 

 amount of water. The water present was apparently in large 

 proportions and this condition gave a reason for the request 

 for the analyses. In the attempt to mix the product in order 

 to get an average sample it was found that the water readily 

 separated from the other constitutents, and on analysis of the 

 product the following results were obtained: 



SAMPLE 1. PER CENT. 



Water 59.61 



Fat 21.31 



Casein , 11.72 



Ash *7.36 



SAMPLE 2. PER CENT. 



Water 42 76 



Fat 44.92 



Casein 5.10 



Ash 17.22 



The above results were from samples of a product which 

 has been sent to a commission firm with the object of selling 

 it as butter. The large amount of water present with casein, 

 etc., would naturally cause one to conclude that use was 

 made of the so-called butter increasers in producing this pro- 

 duct. It was a matter of interest in this connection to investi- 

 gate some of these methods advertised, in the past few years 

 for the purpose of producing an abnormal amount of butter 

 from cream and milk. In this relation it may be of interest to 



* In sample one there was 6.48 per cent of salt in the ash. 

 t In sample two there was 6.60 per cent of salt in the ash. 



