152 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE FLORA OF WEST- 

 ERN IOWA, ESPECIALLY FROM THE PHYSIO- 

 GRAPHICAL ECOLOGICAL STANDPOINT. 



BY L. H. PAMMEL. 



In this preliminary paper I shall consider briefly only 

 the ecological conditions of the flora, chiefly in the coun- 

 ties of Harrison and Pottawattamie, with brief references 

 also to the flora of the adjoining counties. The writer has 

 spent some time in a study of the flora of western Iowa, 

 but much more work needs to be done before the subject 

 is entirely completed. The region is of great interest from 

 the botanical standpoint because this flora has many 

 plants which are common to the western flora. 



Much work has been done along ecological lines, especi- 

 ally that portion dealing wdth the different plant forma- 

 tions, but we are only at the beginning of this important 

 line of w^ork. This work w^as started by Warming, whose 

 general treatise is classical. His work has given greater 

 impetus to this study than any other investigator, but we 

 are also indebted to numerous other writers especially 

 American. On this side of the Atlantic we are especially 

 indebted to Prof. Conway MacMillan,* who, in several 

 admirable papers and his paper on the "Distribution of 

 Plants" along the shore at Lake of the Woods has shown 

 what may be done.f 



A contribution to the knowledge of the flora of south- 

 eastern Minnesota. 



Likewise the paper by Wheeler on a small district of 

 southeastern Minnesota.:}: 



•Minnesota Plant Life. Rept. of the Survey. Botanical Series. 3: 568. pi. /,. 2k0 f. 



+Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 949-1023. pi. 1897. 



X Minn. Bot. Studies. 4: 353. PI, :.'1-J7. 1901. separate. 



