IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 67 



The high and steep walls of the stream are covered with 

 sage brush, Artemisia triilenfaf((, Erir/cron f/labellus, Campa- 

 nula rotu)idifi)Ha, Castilleia minitfta, Aiitennaria sd., Achil- 

 leia Millefolium, Stipa and rarely a few shrubs like Rihes 

 and Arctostaphylos. 



The broken parks above the flood plain contain, on the 

 border, small groves of Finns Murrayana, in which Asfra- 

 f/alus alpiiius, Pachystima Myrsinifes, Arclostaphiilos Uva- 

 ursi and Juniperus eommnnis var alpina occur. The open, 

 rough, hilly park contains Potentilla flippiana, Eriof/onuni 

 umhellatum, E. ovaalifolium, Arenaria conyesta and Castil- 

 leia nt in lata. The chief constituent of the vegation, how- 

 ever, is the Artemisia and scattered bunches of Biyelovia, 

 dwarf Eriyeron, Aster, such grasse>^ as Ayropyrona.nd Stipa. 



Between the east and west fork, above the j auction of 

 the two streams, the area is covered by s^roves of Finus 

 Murray ana and open xerophytic parks; a small, well wat- 

 ered stream flows along the western shore of an ancient 

 lake, now in part park, meadow and forest covered. The 

 shore lines of this lake are twenty-five to fifty feet above 

 the small stream. The oldest shore lines are marked by a 

 coarse gravel and rounded boulders. The soil is extremely 

 dry. In this dry soil large areas are covered with Campa- 

 nula rot undi folia, Cnicus Druminondii var acaulescens, Are- 

 naria conyesta, Orthocarpus, (itum trifloruni, Fotentilla 

 Hippiana Kud Artemisia. The greater part of the present 

 area of this was once a meadow. 



Passing up to higher altitudes between 9,500 feet and 

 above, the sage brush generally disappears, although there 

 are some exceptions. The sunny, dry slopes on Smith's 

 Fork, and elsewhere, there are well defined belts of Arte- 

 misia ti'identata at an altitude of over 10,000 feet. 

 Between 9,500 and 10,000 feet on Black's Fork, the river 

 has cut through a limestone formation, which extends 

 through the entire range. At Smith's Fork the Bear and 

 Weber rivers, the limestone rock is cut in the same way, 

 and the water runs over the rocks, forming falls. In the 

 deep canons, at these points, the hydrophytic plants are 

 especially marked, and one finds here such types as Vera- 



