148 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 



The section shown in Plate V, figure 2, is located north of Elm 

 street, facing- Poplar street. It shows the following' members : 



a — Reddish loess, about 2 feet. 

 b— Whitish loess, 25 to 30 feet, 

 c — A chocolate-colored band, in some places appearing like old 



soil, 

 d — A mucky reddish clay, 

 e — Contains more or less gravel. 



The maximum height of the exposure is about seventy-five feet. 



The reddish loess follows the contour of the hill on the side of 

 the exposure beyond (a), which faces to the right, and it is near- 

 ly uniform in thickness, and contains no fossils. The white loess 

 here contains only fragments of shells. The member (d) is evi- 

 dently Call's lower "loess"', but it is not loess. 



The lines of demarcation between the several members are not 

 always sharp, but the several divisions stand out quite distinctly. 



The cut figured on Plate VA, figure 1 . is located north of Elm 

 street, facing Poplar street. It shows the following members: 



a — Reddish loess, variable in thickness but sometimes forming 

 nearly one-third of the section. Stands vertically in the 

 banks. It is fossiliferous. 



b — A transition band between reddish and white loess. 

 Variable in thickness. 



c — White loess, very fossi'iferous, partly obscured by the talus. 



The same members occur in the exposures near Forrest City. 

 Plate VB, figure 2. shows a section southwest of Madison, east of 

 Forrest City : 



a — Reddish loess, about 4 or 5 feet; no fossils. 



b— White loess, 2 to 3 feet; with fragments of fossils. The 



dark line running through (b) is an oxidized band. 

 c — A gravelly layer, sharply separated from (b). 



The division into an upper reddish and a lower whitish loess 

 is almost everywhere quite pronounced. The two loesses are in 

 some places quite sharply separated, but usually there is a nar- 

 row transition band, ordinarily only a few inches thick. 



The upper loess differs from the lower not only in being red- 

 dish in color, but also in texture and other characters. It is grit- 

 tier, more inclined to stand vertically in the exposures, and it 

 sometimes shows a fine lamination which follows the contours of 

 the hills more or less distinctly. It sometimes contains nodules, 

 Mid it is often fossiliferous. 



