TWO STRAWBERRY SLUGS 291 



NOTES ON TWO STRAWBERRY SLUGS. 

 EMPRIA FRAGARI2E ROHWER. 

 EMPRIA MACULATA NORTON. 



R. L. WEBSTER. 



The literature of economic entomology has many references 

 to slugs that feed on strawberry foliage, discussed for the most 

 part under the name of Harpiphorus maculatus Norton, but also 

 as Monostegia ignota Norton. That there were two common 

 species of these slugs affecting strawberry plants was shown by 

 the work of P. W. Mally (1889). During the five years 1910- 

 1914 inclusive, the writer has studied both these species in the 

 insectary at Ames. The present paper is based on a study of 

 the literature, as well as from additional notes of the writer. 

 S. A. Rohwer, of the U. S. National Museum at Washington, 

 examined all the saw-flies reared, and has recently described 

 Empria fragariae. The life history notes are from the files of 

 the entomological section of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment 

 station at Ames. These insects are discussed in a recent bulle- 

 tin from the Iowa station but some matter is incorporated here 

 that is not mentioned in the bulletin. 



Dr. C. V. Riley (1867), first mentioned Emphytus maculatus 

 in the economic literature in the Prairie Farmer. This was fol- 

 lowed by an account by Walsh and Riley (1869) and later by 

 Riley (1877). These refer to slugs feeding on strawberry foliage 

 in May (Missouri). The eggs are said to be deposited in the 

 stems of the strawberry leaves and a second brood of slugs are 

 said to appear in July. The slugs are described as having a 

 yellowish head, with two dark brown spots above, one of these 

 to the front, as well as two smaller ones at each side. 



Dr. Riley (1868) said that slugs had injured strawberry 

 plants at Rockford, Illinois, and Cedar Bluffs, Iowa. He re- 

 marked that these slugs were probably a variety of Emphytus 

 maculatus, since they had but one black spot on each side of 

 the head. This corresponds to the description of Empria 

 fragariae, later discussed by F. W. Mally under the name of 

 Monostegia ignota. 



