TWO STRAWBERRY SLUGS 293 



Iii Michigan R. II. Pettit (1899) recorded larvae that he 

 called Ilarpiphorus maculatus occurring at Stevensville and else- 

 where in the state in the late summer of 1898. Larva; about 

 mature were reported for September 22. 



J. M. Stedman (1901) gave a general account, under the 

 name of Harpiphorus maculatus, of a strawberry slug occurring 

 in Missouri. An examination of this bulletin, however, shows 

 that it was not that species which Stedman studied. The life 

 history and habits agree precisely with those of Empria 

 f rag aria e, as described by F. AY. Mally and as determined more 

 recently by the writer. The deposition of eggs in the leaves and 

 the appearance of adults and larva? in early spring (about 

 strawberry blossom time) shows that Stedman was writing of 

 this insect under the wrong name. I have attempted to obtain 

 reared specimens of the saw-fly from Columbia, but Dr. L. 

 Haseman writes that he finds none in the collection there. 



S. A. Rohwer (1914) described Empria fragariae from speci- 

 mens reared or collected by the writer in Iowa. That this is 

 the same insect discussed by F. W. Mally is shown by the facts 

 (1) that most of the material was collected in the same locality, 

 about Ames, (2) that the life history is the same; the saw-flies 

 appear early in spring (before strawberry blossom time) and 

 the eggs are placed in the leaves. Moreover, the writer found 

 only one generation, as did Mally with his Monostegia ignota. 

 Unfortunately, there are no specimens reared by Mally in the 

 collection at Iowa State College, so that an actual comparison 

 of specimens is not possible. 



GENERATIONS OF EMPRIA FRAGARIAE. 



From the literature it is very apparent that Empria fragariae 

 has only one generation. The work of Forbes (1884) which 

 apparently refers to this insect, of Mally (1890), and of Sted- 

 man (1901), all show this. Life history experiments by the 

 writer more recently show but one generation in central Iowa. 

 The insect has been carried through to the adult stage each 

 year during four years, and in no case was there any evidence 

 of a second generation. 



Briefly, the life history of Empria fragariae is as follows: The 

 adults emerge very early in spring, in April in central Iowa, 

 deposit their eggs singly in strawberry leaves, and larva 1 ap- 



