350 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 



whrle the grooved surface seems to be more common in Ver- 

 bascum Thapsus." Beal. 0., very common in meadows and 

 pastures. Introduced from Europe. 



75. Verbascum Blattaria L. Moth Mullein. (See descrip- 

 tion of Verbascum Thapsus.) 



76. Linaria vulgaris Hill. Butter and Eggs, Ramsted, Toad- 

 flax. L., 1.5 — 2.1 mm., including wing. W., the same. Thick- 

 ness about .2 — .3 mm. C, dark grayish brown to black. S., 

 flat and circular with a broad wing around the margin ; wing 

 marked with very fine radiating lines ; surface with numerous 

 rounded elevations. 0., a bad weed in grass lands and pas- 

 tures. Introduced from Europe. 



77. Plantago major L. Common Plantain, Broad-leaved 

 Plantain. L., 1. — 1.8 mm. W., .5 — 1.2 mm. C, variable shades 

 of yellow, brown and black. S., very variable, oblong, pyra- 

 midal, oval or rhomboidal with minute waving markings. 0., 

 very common in door yards and found in red clover seeds. 

 Introduced from Europe. 



78. Plantago Bugelii Dene. Rugel's Plantain. L., 1.5 — 



2.7 mm. W., .6 — 1. mm. C, dull dark brown to black. S., 

 very variable; flattened variously with rather acute angles and 

 no regular markings, although the surface is finely granular 

 or roughened. O.., a bad weed, especially in clover and timothy, 

 also in redtop. Native. 



79. Plantago lanceolata L. Rib-grass, Ripple Grass, Eng- 

 lish Plantain, Narrow-leaved Plantain and Buckhorn. L., 2. — 



2.8 mm. W., .8 — 1.2 mm. C, shining amber-brown to black. 

 S., allantoid in cross section, tapering at the ends; elongate 

 saucer-shaped with a deep crease running down one side. (See 

 fig. XV.) 0., very common in grass seed, alfalfa and red 

 clover. Introduced from Europe. 



80. Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. "Wild Teasel. L., 3. — 4.2 mm. 

 "W, .8 — 1.3 mm. C, dark or light grayish brown and finely hairy. 

 S., oblong; nearly square in cross section, with three rounded 

 ridges on each side which unite at the apex; apex slightly hol- 

 lowed with a tuberele-like projection in the center, base cor- 

 rugated. 0., common in lowlands and pastures. Naturalized 

 from Europe. 



81. Eupatorium purpureum L. Joe-Pye Weed, Trumpet 

 "Weed. L., 2.8—3.3 mm. "W., .4— .6 mm. C, dark greenish 



