THE WEEDS OF CALIFORNIA 491 



Scariola and the var. integrata), Sour Dock (Rumex crispits), 

 Dooryard Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare) , Tumbling Mustard 

 (Sisymbrium altissimum), the Iowa Tumbleweed (Amaranthus 

 graecizans), Shepherd's Purse (Capsella Bursa-pastoris) . 



The following- weeds are abundant in the vicinity of Yuba 

 City in the Yuba bottoms: The European Morning glory (Con- 

 volvulus arvcnsis), Prickly lettuce (Lettuce Scariola and the 

 var. integrata), Johnson grass (Soi^/hum halcpense) a very per- 

 nicious weed. Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon), Lamb's 

 quarters (Chenopodium album) and our Iowa pigweed (Am- 

 aranthus retroflexus) were abundant. The Spiny clotbur 

 (Xanthium spinosum) and a species of Croton were common in 

 fields. The roadsides also contained an abundance of Sunflower 

 (HcUanthus annuus and H. lenticularis) . The Russian thistle, 

 as in other parts of central and northern California, was abund- 

 ant. The Yellow Starflower or Knapweed (Ccntaurea melit en- 

 sis) occurred not only along the roadsides but the harvested 

 grain fields were yellow with the flowers of this species. The 

 Polygonum aviculare and Lippia sp. w 7 ere common in yards. 

 Chcnopodium ambrosioides, Eeliinochloa crusgalli, Rumex 

 crispus, Verbascum Thapsus, Marrubium vulgare, Sisymbrium 

 altissimum, Avena fatua, Erigeron canadense, Cicliorium Inty- 

 bus, Melilotus alba, Eschscholtzia californica and Grindelia sp. 

 were all common in fields and along roadsides. 



In the Bay region, Oakland, San Francisco and other points 

 weeds of the mustard family (Cruciferae) are common. The 

 common Mustard (Brassica campcstris), Hedge Mustard (Si- 

 symbrium officinale), the Common radish (Rapluutus sativus) 

 and the Jointed Charlock (R. Raphanistrum) are two of the 

 most common weeds of the Bay region. The California poppy 

 (EscJiscJwltzia californica) is common, as well as the Sow 

 thistle (Sonchus asper) ; the Bull thistle (Cirsium lanceolat u m) 

 and the May weed (Anthemis Cotula) occur sparingly. Gray 

 observed in 1876 2 "sparingly found along roadsides; intro- 

 duced but not yet common." Dill (Anethum gravcolens) is com- 

 mon in Oakland. Evidently it was not established in California 

 in 1876 as it is not mentioned by Brewer and Watson. 3 Celery 

 (Apium graveolens) in 1876 was reported by the same authors 

 as occurring from Santa Barbara to San Diego in salt marshes. 



2 Botany of California 1: 401. 

 3 Bot. of California 1: 252. 



