LACTUCA IN IOWA 247 



Bates, 1901. Mont ana— Miles City, Pammel, 1904. Wyoming— 

 Halleck Canon. Aven Nelson, 1900; Sheridan, Reppcrt and Jisfella 

 Paddock. Colorado — Fort Collins, Pammel, 2 sheets; Colorado 

 Springs, Pammel, 1895; Greeley, Pammel, 1896; Clear Creek, Herb. 

 Parry. Utah — Peterson, Pammel dind Blackzvood, 1902. Arirjona-- 

 \Valnut Canon, McDougal, 1898. 



7. Lactuca villosa Jacq., Hort. Schoen, 3 : 62, plate 367 ( 1798). 



L. acuminata A. Gray., Proc. Am. Acad. 19 : 73 (1883). Mul- 

 gedium acuminatum D. C, Prod. 7 : 249 (1838). Hairy-veined 

 Blue Lettuce. 



A glabrous stemmed annual or biennial which is leafy up to the 

 paniculate inflorescence ; four to seven feet high, heads numerous 

 on diverging peduncles. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, sharply and 

 sometimes doubly serrate. The lower often deeply lobed or runci- 

 nate, glabrous above, pubescent with short stiff hairs on the veins 

 beneath, slightly clasping at the base, four to six inches long and one- 

 third as wide. Rays blue, involucre about five lines high, the outer 

 bracts much shorter and mostly obtuse. Akenes narrowly oblong, 

 slightly curved and flattened, narrowed at the summit and almost 

 beakless ; pappus white. Borders of woods. New York to Iowa, 

 and south to Florida and Kentucky. Abundant, especially in the 

 eastern and southern parts of the state. 



This species has been confounded with the southeastern L. flori- 

 dana (L) Gaertn, with which it is almost identical in foliage. The 

 latter species probably does not occur in this region, although 

 credited to it in our manuals, and in all the herbaria examined. In 

 every case where so labelled the fruit has proved to be typical of L. 

 villosa. In the first edition of the Illustrated Flora, vol. Ill, p. 

 275, the figure of the akene given on the cut of L. floridana is identi- 

 cal with that of L. villosa on the same page, but in the second edition 

 the error is somewhat remedied by removing the figure of the akene 

 from the cut of the former. A good figure of the akene of L. flori- 

 dana is given in Gray's Manual, 7th edition, p. 688, and for the bene- 

 fit of those interested in this species a figure of the akene from an 

 authentic specimen (Curtis's No. 5763, collected at Jacksonville, 

 Florida, in 1896) is given on the plate which accompanies this paper. 

 A specimen listed below, labelled L. floridana, and collected by 

 Webber in Nebraska in 1886 is in the herbarium of the Field Colum- 

 bian Museum, Chicago, but it proves to be L. pulchella, and is pre- 

 sumably the same plant on which Webber admitted L. floridana into 

 his flora of Nebraska. The heads of the latter species are a third 



