I 



FLORA OF WESTERN EMMET COUNTY 261 



collected on the bowlders which are so abundant along the hillsides 

 and knolls bordering on the Des Moines river plain, on the east, 

 near the south side of the county. Only a small number of species 

 were found on earth, and most of these were from the Estherville 

 woods. 



The species growing on trees are found mostly in open situations 

 and are especially abundant in rather dry upland woods. The 

 heaviest growth is generally on the north side of the trunks, except 

 when the trees face an opening, when the lichen growth is most 

 abundant on the side exposed to the light. In low dense woods 

 where little light penetrates, the trunks are almost without lichen 

 growth. Apparently plenty of light without direct exposure to the 

 sun is the most favorable situation for the species growing on tree 

 trunks. 



MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 



Contrary to what might be expected, the region offers many things 

 of interest to the moss student. The banks around the lakes and 

 the many smaller ponds and marshes offer many favorable situa- 

 tions for mosses and search reveals a fairly large number of species 

 for a prairie country. Most of the species listed were collected 

 around the lakes. 



The species from Estherville were collected, mostly, on high 

 ground near the top of the hillsides and slopes. At the time the 

 collections were made there was a light covering of snow in the 

 ravines which made it difficult to obtain material from such places. 

 Many of these places being ideal for mosses it is likely that con- 

 tinued work during a more favorable time of the year would add 

 several species to this list from the Estherville woods. 



Hepaticae are not common in this region. Only four species 

 have been collected by the writer. Very likely a careful search 

 might bring to light a few more from the Estherville locality. 



NOMENCLATURE. 



For lichens the nomenclature is, in the main, that of Zahlbruckner 

 in Engler and PrantI, but in the arrangement of families and genera 

 Fink's "Lichens of Minnesota" has been followed. 



For mosses both the nomenclature and arrangement are mainly 

 those of Engler and Prantl. 



