338 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Vol. XXVI, 1919 



Rocks the steep bluffs stop, and from here to Alsea bay there is 

 a continuous succession of sand drifts and dunes. Midway between 

 Seal Rocks and Alsea bay behind the line of dunes is a small lake, 

 called Sand lake, with an area of several acres. From Alsea bay 

 to the mouth of the Yachats there is mostly a rather wide beach, 

 and the country behind this is low with no shore bluffs. 



Before taking up the flora a word should be said as to climatic 

 conditions. The difference between the average summer and winter 

 temperatures is of course relatively small. There is little freezing 

 weather in winter and the summers are uniformly cool. The an- 

 nual precipitation, nearly all rain, is about 72 inches. During at 

 least half of the year clear days are the exception, and for the 

 remainder cloudy weather and rain are to be expected at any 

 time. Even during June, July, and August it frequently happens 

 that the cloudy days greatly outnumber the clear. Very strong 

 westerly winds prevail during the winter, and even in summer they 

 are frequent, but less violent. 



Let us now consider the several ecological groups of plants 

 occurring in our territory, noting some of the more strongly marked 

 effects of the environmental conditions upon some the species. 



We may begin with the plants of the beach, including those that 

 are occasionally reached by waves directly, and also those of the 

 shore cliffs and damp seaward faces of those shore bluffs which 

 are frequently wet by clouds of fine spray from the sea, so that the 

 foliage is more or less encrusted with salt. The special factors 

 here concerned are evidently high winds, copious moisture, sandy 

 soil, and strong salinity. This group includes the following: 



Abronia latifolia *Eleocharis palustris 

 ♦Achillea millefolium Elymiis arenarius 



*Agrostis alba *Epilobium franciscanum 

 *A. exarata Erigeron glaucus 



*Aira praecox *Festuca rubra 



Ammodenia peploides *Fragaria chiloensis 

 *Amsinckia lycopsoides Franseria bipinnatifida 



Angelica hendersoni F. chamissonis 



*Aster douglasii *Grindelia oregana 



*Calamagrostis aleutica *Holcus lanatus 



Cakile edentula *Hypochaeris radicata 



Carex macrocephala *Juncus bufonius 



*C. obnupta *j. ensifolius 

 *Chenopodiiim album J. falcatus 



C. humile Lathyrus littoralis 



*Cirsium edule Lobularia maritima 



*C. lanceolatum *Lolium multiflorum 

 Coneoselinum gmelini L. perenne 



Convolvulus soldanella Lupinus littoralis 



Cotula coronopifolia ' *Lycopus americanus 



Crambe maritima *Maianthemum dilatatum 



Distichlis spicata *Mimulus langsdorfii 



