340 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Vol. XXVI, 1919 



rootstock system greatly developed. All intergrades with the typical 

 form occur. 



Elcocharis palustris. — Very short and relatively stout. 



Epilobium franciscanum. — This is at best a poorly defined species. 

 It is a rather low, stout, sparingly branched form with ample foliage 

 and leaves somewhat fleshy. It is one of the E. glandulosnm assem- 

 blage, which has been variously broken up into species and varieties 

 without very satisfactory results. The present form is supposed to 

 be confined to the seashore, but nearly or quite identical material has 

 been found in the Willamette valley. ■ Back from the beach it inter- 

 grades with other forms of E. glandulosum. 



Fcstuca rubra. — In situations of maximum exposure to maritime 

 influences this species is remarkably modified. The leaves are very 

 rigid, folded, and strongly curved, surpassing the very short culms, 

 while the panicles are extremely dense and contracted. All inter- 

 grades with the typical form occur. 



Fragaria chilcensis. — Very low with excessively developed runner 

 system ; leaves glabrous and shining above, the leaflets broad and 

 thick. Intergrades with the ordinary inland form, which has thin 

 glaucous leaves and narrower leaflets, are easily found in places 

 where the maritime influences are less marked. The species here has 

 flowers and fruit all summer. The fruit is decidedly saline. 



Junciis ensifolius. — Stout, with large black heads and large 

 perianth ; leaves very narrow and thick. This is a strongly marked 

 form intergrading, however, with the typical plant occurring farther 

 inland. 



Plantago major. — Leaves thick, usually wrinkled, and perfectly 

 glabrous ; spikes short and dense with large capsules. All intergrades 

 with the typical form occur. 



Riimcx mexicanus.—Sitms stout, often elongated and freely 

 branched, completely prostrate ; leaves oblong, fleshy, and very glab- 

 rous ; panicle dense and akenes very large. A strongly marked phase. 

 No intergrades with the typical form were found. 



Sag'ma occidcnfalis (crassicoitlis). — This species presents a phase 

 closely paralleling that of Epilobium franciscanum. The branches 

 are stout, fleshy, and prostrate, and the flowers and fruit large. S. 

 occidcnfalis in typical form flourishes a little way back from the 

 beach, and the two ap])car to completely intergrade. 



Of the remaining facultative halophytes, nearly all show the efl^ect 

 of their exceptional environment in some degree. They are mostly 



