of North-Eastem Africa. 413 



May. Riippell has found this species in Arabia, and A. Brehm 

 has established a separate species, C. orientalis, which, he says, is 

 a stationary bird in Egypt . this species is said to be somewhat 

 smaller than C. gallicus ; all the lower parts are white, with 

 light-brown spots, and the throat is not dark ; the tail of the 

 female is 2 inches shorter than in C. gallicus. Scarce in West 

 Africa (Hartlaub). 



We must wait for future researches to decide the question 

 whether C. fasciatus, mihi (List of Birds of N.E. Africa, no. 29), 

 proves to be a good species. I have not, at present, the typical 

 specimen with me, upon which the species was established. It 

 is similar to C. gallicus in size and coloration of the back ; all the 

 lower parts are white, with broad dark cross-bands. I have ob- 

 served it in the prairies of Southern Kordofan and Eastern Sen- 

 naar during the winter, where it appears to occur rather frequently. 



2. CiRCAETUs THORACicus, Cuv. {C. pectoruUs, Smith.) 

 This species is not scarce in Abyssinia and round the sources 



of the Nile. The most northern part of its range, according to 

 my observations, is the province of Dongola, where we killed an 

 old female in the month of August, in the neighbourhood of the 

 ruins of Argo. 



3. CiRCAETUs ciNEREUs, Vicill., is, according to Jules Ver- 

 reaux, the immature state of C. thoracicus, which opinion, how- 

 ever, requires further confirmation. C. cinereus is more slender, 

 has a brown iris and lead-coloured feet. The markings of the 

 tail, besides, are very different, and I have never observed in- 

 termediate forms between the two birds. Dr. Riippell found 

 C. cinereus in Abyssinia, and I obtained examples of it on a 

 tributary of the river Rahad, and on the Blue Nile. I have 

 mentioned, in my list of birds of N.E. Africa, that two of the 

 specimens collected by me differ from Riippell's individual in 

 having pure white and very narrow bands across the tail. Riip- 

 pel?s specimen is very large, measuring 2 feet 3 inches in 

 length. This naturalist says (Neue Wirbelth. p. 35) that his 

 Falco funereus (which certainly is identical with C. cinereus, 

 Vieill.) differs from C. gallicus andi C. pectoralis in having the 

 bill much stronger, the inner and hind toes provided with very 



