ly HERTFOEDSniEE. 



179 



be. I have made them both with and without barbs, in this way. 

 Placing a flake of flint against a stop on a flat piece of wood, and 

 raising its edge when necessary by placing a small blocking-piece, 

 also of wood, underneath it, by pressure of a large flake of flint, 



Fig. 7. Bracer, Evantowu, Eoss-shire. ^. 



such as when now found is called an " arrow-flaker," or "fabri- 

 cator," upon the edge of the flake, I have detached successive 

 splinters until I have reduced the flake into the required form, 

 liut the edges of the arrow-heads made entirely with these flint 

 " arrow-flakers " are more obtuse and rounded than are those of 

 ancient specimens, so that these flint tools were probably used 

 rather for the main chipping-out than for the final finishing. This 

 process can be best performed by means of a piece of stag's horn. 

 Placing the flake of flint which is to be converted into an arrow- 

 head against a wooden stop, and pressing the horn against the edge 

 of the flake, this edge enters slightly into the body of the horn ; 

 minute splinters can then be detached by bringing the pressure of 

 the horn to bear sideways, and the arrow-head may in this manner 

 be formed by degrees without much risk of its breaking. The 

 leaf- shaped aiTow-hcads are the most easy to manufacture, and 

 they were probably the earliest in use ; but not only can these 

 simple forms be produced by this means, but also the barbed 

 arrow-heads, both with and without the central stem. Here is one 

 leaf-shaped (like that in Plate X, fig. 3), which I may describe as 

 a Hertfordshire stone implement, for I made it myself out of a 

 Hertfordshu-e fliut in the manner which I have described. 



