IN- HEETFOEDSniEE. 183 



implement, which, was origiually of nearly triangular form, has 

 unfortunately lost its point. It was probably held in the hand 

 and used as a weapon of oifence. The flint of which it is formed 

 has become nearly white and porcellanous on both faces, and it has 

 in some places been so much altered in structure that it can be 

 cut with a knife, which leads me to suppose that it may have 

 been derived from some beds of pervious red brick-earth which 

 occur at the spot where it was found. I have lately found a 

 smaller ovate specimen at a higher level at Bedmond Hill Farm, 

 about half-a-mile away. This is represented in Plate XI, fig. 8. 

 In 1868 I found two other implements in gravel laid on the 

 towing-path of the Grand Junction Canal, where it is united with 

 the Gade, between Apsley and Nash Mills. I do not know exactly 

 whence the gravel in which they lay was obtained, but there is 

 little doubt of its having been dredged or dug from the bottom 

 of the valley in the immediate neighboui'hood. One of the imple- 

 ments is of grey flint, flat, of ovate outline, neatly chipped, and 

 about 4 inches long by 2|- inches broad. The other is of an 

 ochreous colour, of much the same form, though flatter on one 

 face, and with its angles considerably water-worn. Other imple- 

 ments have been found near the head of the ti'ibutary valley of the 

 Bulbourn, at Wigginton, near Tring. 



In the valley of the Lea specimens have been found in gravel 

 from No-Man's-Land Common by the late Rev. Dr. Grifiith, 

 including one very well-formed implement in my possession, of 

 which a photograph is given in Plate XI, fig. 4. In all 

 probability the Lea at one time flowed past No-Man's-Land, 

 instead of Wheathampstead as at present, and these specimens 

 have been left by the river. AVe may not only look for such 

 implements in the valleys, but also on the tops of the hills where 

 the rivers have been in many cases. Further down the valley 

 of the Lea Mr. "Worthington Smith has been successful in finding 

 implements at Hertford and Ware, specimens of some of which 

 I have. Still further down they have been found at Cheshunt 

 (see Plate XIII, fig. 5), and on the west side of the Lea Mr. Smith 

 has found implements at a height of 100 feet above the existing 

 level of the Thames ; and not only implements but the place 

 where they were manufactured. He has there found the flints 

 from which the various implements had been made, and flint 

 flakes which can be put together in their original position ; there 

 is also other evidence of the occupation of the spot by primeval 

 man, the traces of which occupation were subsequently embedded 

 in the gravel. Specimens have also been found at Knebworth, 



