68 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



SOME SANDSTONE WATERS OF GREAT PURITY. 



By E. H. S. Bailey, of Kansas University. 

 Read before the Academy, at Ida, December 31, 1901. 



MANY attempts have been made to classify mineral waters, but 

 as their composition is so comjjlex, it is evident that any sys- 

 tem that may be adopted will be somewhat defective. The simplest 

 classification would be one that arranged in each group those waters 

 having a predominance of similar constituents, or ions. The system 

 which we have adopted is a modification of that proposed by some 

 other chemists, and is as follows : 



I, The Chloride group. VI, The Sulphide group. 



II, The Sulphate group. VII, The Chalybeate group. 



III, The Chlor-sulphate group. VIII, The Special group. 



IV, The Carbonate group. IX, The Soft Water group. 

 V, The Chlor-sulpho-carbonate 



group. 



It is my object to call attention to the last of these, the soft- water 

 group. As such a large proportion of the rocks of Kansas are of 

 calcareous origin, it is natural for us to infer that the waters are 

 nearly all hard, frofn the presence of carbonates and sulj^hates of lime 

 and magnesia. Fortunately, however, there are few areas where 

 sandstone and other rocks prevail, and here we find excellent soft 

 waters. 



Among those that have been examined in the laboratory of the 

 University, the following are worthy of special note ; the amount of 

 solid or mineral matter obtained in each case on evaporating a gallon 

 of the water is expressed in grains : 



Delaware springs 8.27 



Parker's 8.89 



Linwood* 9.90 



Chico spring 14 . 92 



Kansas Clarus 20.83 



Conway Springs 3.41 



Brookville No. 2* 3.84 



California 6.13 



Cave spring 6 . 75 



Brookville No. 1* 8.09 



Sand springs* 8.15 



* Carbon dioxide to form bicarbonates is not included. 



These springs either flow from sand or from beneath sand rocks. 

 These rocks often contain considerable iron and a little of this is al- 

 most always found in these waters. With the exception of the water 

 found near Brookville, and that of the Conway Springs, the California 

 spring contains less mineral matter than any that has been analyzed. 



The California spring is said to have derived its name from its 



