102 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



bluff south of Saffordville it is sixty feet above the river. Good ex- 

 posures are found at Allen and many other places in the county. It 

 is one of the easiest formations to trace, on account of the soil being 

 strewn with countless numbers of Fusulina cylindrica of the robust 

 type for some distance below the outcroj)ping margin. The top four 

 feet of this stone is heavy bedded and contains crinoid stems and 

 Polyzoa, but fewer Fusulina. Above this stone is ten feet of buff 

 shale, one foot of limestone, six feet of blue shale, six feet of buff 

 shale, six feet of heavy bedded limestone with Archmocidaris spines, 

 five feet of shale, eight inches of shelly limestone, thirteen feet seven 

 inches blue and yellow shale, three feet of limestone, six feet four 

 inches of buff shale, six inches of limestone, three feet eight inches 

 of shale, four feet of thin bedded limestone, parts of it having a porce- 

 lain appearance ( this appearance is characteristic and has been ob- 

 served in many places in both counties), four feet two inches buff 

 shale, eighteen inches limestone, six feet two inches blue and yellow 

 shale, twelve feet limestone which weathers very rough, eighteen feet 

 or more of shale, to the Cottonwood Falls stone. This line is the top 

 of Prosser's Wabaunsee formation. 



The Cottonwood formation embraces the Cottonwood Falls stone, 

 six feet six inches thick, and the twelve-foot fossiliferous shale bed 

 above it. The Neosho formation overlying the Cottonwood is well 

 exposed in Crusher hill, one and one-half miles west of Strong 

 City, and has been so well described by Prosser and others that a de- 

 tailed description need not be given here. No. 2 gives a reasonably 

 accurate section of the hill, which is capped by a flinty limestone 

 from twenty to forty feet thick, which corresponds with the lower flint 

 beds of Hay's Fort Riley section. The dip carries this stone beneath 

 the river valley at Cedar Point, where section No. 1 was obtained, at 

 a bluff three miles northwest of the station. The top of section No. 

 1 is 1330 feet above sea-level. 



From the east line of Lyon county to Emporia the westward dip 

 averages fourteen and a half feet to the mile ; from Emporia to Safford- 

 ville, nearly twenty feet to the mile ; from Saffordville to Strong City, 

 twelve feet to the mile. Strong City is nearly in the trough of a 

 syncline where the Cottonwood Falls stone is level with the railroad- 

 track. Passing west from Strong City, an extensive anticline amount- 

 ing to over 120 feet is observed, the axis of which is near Elmdale, and 

 apparently trends fifteen or twenty degrees west of north into Morris 

 county and south toward the Flint Hills. Local dips amounting to 

 two or three degrees are frequently found in this area. From a mile 

 or two west of Elmdale to near Clements the usual westward dip is 

 again maintained, while at and west of Clements the dip becomes ex- 



