146 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



abundant than any other species. In fact, throughout the region, 

 perhaps three-fourtlis of the trees belong to these two species. Black 

 oaks and red oaks, however, are quite abundant on the highlands. 

 Chestnut oaks are not so common. Chinquapins and white oaks are 

 occasionally found, and near the streams water oaks and willow oaks. 



There are also several species of hickory. The most common is 

 probably the large shellbark and the common small hickory-nut. 

 Shagbark hickory is found in the bottom lands along with the pecan 

 and black walnut. Sweet gum flourishes near the streams and black 

 gum. while seemingly confined to certain localities, grows equally well 

 on high or low ground. The same statement may be made of iron- 

 wood. There are three elms — white, slippery and winged elm. Dog- 

 wood flourishes on the low ground along with the redbud and spice 

 wood, although any of these trees may occasionally be found in moist 

 or well-shaded places on the hills. The sycamore grows along the 

 streams and the ash in thickets on the edge of the cleared land. 

 Athwart the running streams the birch often hangs its graceful limbs. 

 The two conifers in the region, pine and cedar, are usually found on 

 rocky ledges or on high, rocky hills. Both hard and soft maples are 

 often found on the rich bottom land along with the pawpaw and 

 chinaberry. Locust and honey-locust are not uncommon. 



The crab-apple, several species of plum and the hawthorn and red 

 haw grow in clumps in the dense part of the forest. The hackberry 

 often attains considerable size on the bottoms. The several species of 

 willow and the elder also prefer the moist soil. Wild cherry, bass- 

 wood, and witch-hazel are occasionally met with. The persimmon and 

 two species of sumac thrive in deserted flelds. Mulberry and box- 

 elder, while not particularly common, are sometimes found on rich 

 soil. Cottonwoods are occasionally found along the streams, and 

 the button-bush peeps up from behind a creek bank. The buckeye 

 is not rare in certain localities, and occasionally the service-berry is 

 met with on sunny slopes. Amorpha fritticosa is sometimes found 

 along creek banks. 



Among climbers may be mentioned the greenbrier, trumpetflower, 

 poison ivy, and half a dozen species of wild grapes, all of which grow 

 rank along the streams. Virginia creeper is often found on dead 

 trees. Blackberry, raspberry and dewberry vines are found in old 

 clearings, and coral- berries, huckleberries and blueberries in the 

 timber. 



