76 Kansas Academy of Science. 



it. The limestone at the top of the Florena shales forms a con- 

 spicuous escarpment at Grand Summit, forming the massive lime- 

 stone through which the Santa Fe railroad passes about a half mile 

 east of the station. This rather marked escarpment continues on to 

 the south, and at Hooser it is seen at the base of the escarpment, 

 east of the depot. The railroad crosses this layer about one and 

 one-quarter miles south of the Hooser station, and it forms a 

 prominent escarpment around the schoolhouse, in section 11, town- 

 ship 3J:, range 7, the top of which is seventy feet above the lime- 

 stone appearing in the branch near this schoolhouse. I believe 

 this layer in the branch to be what I have called middle Neva. 

 This limestone at top of Florena shales continues to the state 

 line. During the last six miles it seems to be disappearing and 

 layers of sandstone to be taking its place, making it somewhat 

 difficult to map. 



The Cottonwood limestone, as it appears in the large quarries 

 east of the town of Cottonwood Falls, is a massive layer of lime- 

 stone about six feet in thickness. About two and one-half feet 

 from the top surface of this limestone appears a layer which is full 

 of holes. The quarryraen split this massive limestone horizontally 

 at this place The upper part is very full of Fusulina, while the 

 lower part contains very few. The general appearance of the two 

 layers, were it not for the Fusulina, is the same. This limestone 

 is quite soft when first quarried and weathers very slowly and 

 evenly, thus making it one of the best limestones for economic 

 purposes in the state, it being quarried and sawed near the town of 

 Cottonwood Falls and shipped in large quantities to various parts 

 of the state, where it is used for building purposes. 



The Cottonwood limestone is found near the top of the hills 

 around Bloody creek. The eastern escarpment appears just west 

 of Jacobs creek, passing on to the east line of Chase county; 

 then running almost due south, near the western line of Butler and 

 Elk counties, into the eastern part of Cowley county, where the 

 formation entirely disappears about seven miles north and a mile 

 east of Hooser. 



This formation north of Cottonwood Falls, according to the U. 

 S. Geological Survey and the statements of the state geologist, has 

 as distinct and clearly defined lithological characteristics as any 

 limestone in the state. These distinct characteristics continue in 

 this layer until, following the outcrop along to the east side of 

 Jacob's creek, for the first time changes were noticed in it, and 

 which continued throughout the course of the escarpment until 

 the stratum entirely disappears at the point noted above. 



