78 Kansas Academy of Science. 



limeetone seems to be displaced and a rather hard sort of violet- 

 striped layer has taken its place. In the southeast quarter of sec- 

 tion 30, township 20, range 10, in Lyon county, the Fumlina 

 layer has disintegrated and only the shells are left. In this same 

 section some flint is noticed in' the Cottonwood formation. To the 

 north and east of Mrs. Saunders' home, in section 30, township 20, 

 range 10, some flint is noticed in the Cottonwood limestone, and 

 here the Fusulina are again scarce. The flint is found imbedded 

 in the limestone, which appears to be "shelly," weathering into 

 very small pieces, usually breaking into fiat "rubble." In the 

 southeast quarter of section 20, township 20, range 10, the Cotton- 

 wood limestone has almost disappeared, except in ravines. In a 

 ravine near the half-mile line it is about four feet thick, very 

 "shelly," very few Fusulina, the chert increasing quite rapidly. 

 As seen at a stock pond to the west, the outcrop of it would give 

 the appearance that one-half of the formation is chert. In sec- 

 tions 20 and 29 the limestone is largely covered with soil, but its 

 presence is evident from its occurrence in ditches, the calcareous 

 flint increasing. Between sections 29 and 30, in the north-and- 

 south road, it may be readily seen that much chert is just above 

 this lime. Following the escarpment around through sections 30, 

 19, 20, 29 and 31, township 20, range 10, section 36, township 20, 

 range 9, and section 1, township 21, range 9, the outcrop of the 

 Cottonwood limestone in all of these sections is very inconspicu- 

 ous. At places at the head of ravines and ditches the formation is 

 seen, but very little escarpment is made 'by the limestone forma- 

 tion; and this being the large divide between the Cottonwood 

 river and the Verdigris river, the outcrop of the formation here is 

 quite different from the outcrop of the same formation to the 

 north and west. The region is a high plateau, and were it not for 

 the Nevas below it would be almost impossible to trace the forma- 

 tion across this plane. 



There are three somewhat conspicuous limestone strata that are 

 noticed below the Cottonwood. The one just below the Cotton- 

 wood limestone has been described above. The middle one, some 

 fifteen to twenty feet below the upper Neva, is usually made up of 

 three layers of limestone, separated from each other by one to 

 three feet of shale. The middle layer in appearance is very much 

 like the Cottonwood, the lower and upper layers being harder and 

 of a bluish color. Below this middle Neva some fifteen feet is a 

 layer of limestone that I have called the lower Neva. It is a very 

 impure limestone, containing large quantities of impurities. Some 

 parts of it are very soft and others quite hard, thus giving the 



