80 Kansas Academy of Science. 



cept bluish in color. The texture is normal. Then comes eight 

 or ten inches of this violet-colored lime. The violet color is in 

 lines, as though it were made of a conglomeration of shells. These 

 violet lines are harder, as shown by the way it weathers. Above 

 this is a four inch layer of knotty ironstone; then what corre- 

 sponds to the porous layer in the normal Cottonwood; then a 

 Fusullna layer, which is very soft. 



In section 3, township 21, range 9, the limestone at the top of 

 the Floreua shales has become much thicker, with a rather bluish 

 tinge, very hard, containing iron, nonhomogeneous, and hence 

 erodes with very jagged appearance. The Fiisulvna layer of the 

 Cottonwood limestone at this place is little more than calcareous 

 shale. Near the head of the Verdigris, where the stream cuts 

 through it at a high bluff, the Cottonwood limestone appeared 

 three feet above low-water mark. Here the lower layer is massive, 

 about four feet thick. The top part of this four-foot layer for 

 about one foot is filled with Fusulina. The calcareous Fusulina 

 shale above graduates into a blue shale filled with Fusulina, so 

 that it is very difficult to find the dividing line between the Cot- 

 tonwood limestone and the Florena shales. The Florena shales 

 are nicely seen at this place, with their characteristic fossils. The 

 hard violet layer is not seen in the Cottonwood limestone here; 

 neither is the portion which is filled with holes, that separates the 

 two massive layers. The stratum seems to be of a very bluish ap- 

 pearance, and probably of economic value. None of it would be 

 of value unless it be the lower three feet. The upper part disinte- 

 grates like shale. The fossils in the blue slaty shale above appear 

 in layers for a thickness of eight or ten feet. A small ravine 

 through the cliff enables one to see clearly the layers above as well 

 as the Cottonwood. 



The lithological characteristics of the formation are entirely 

 different from the Cottonwood limestone at Cottonwood Falls. In 

 the northeast quarter of section 2, township 22, range 9, in a ravine 

 where a good showing of an outcrop is found, we find the hard 

 violet layer becoming harder and larger; the massive blue layer 

 beneath this being blue, and the Fusulina layer still shaly. The 

 formation runs regularly in composition for several miles on the 

 east and south side of the Verdigris river, making a well-defined 

 escarpment, the Fusulina layer only appearing in ravines. Usually 

 the shells may be seen in the dirt just above the exposure. The 

 hard Fusulina layer is in evidence for several miles north, the flint 

 having disappeared. Running out northeast from section 7 into 

 section 5, township 22, range 10, is a plane a mile and a half to two 



