Geological Papers. 83 



hard, flinty and useless, with no appearance of the Cottonwood 

 lime. The stratum through this section of the country is quite 

 irregular in its outcrop and appearance but it makes a good escarp- 

 ment, very easily followed. 



Much of the weathered rock has a yellow appearance and con- 

 tains holes in it like the middle Neva. Then it appears again as 

 red hard lime, resembling the lime at the top of the Florena shales. 

 The "shelly," violet-colored layer seems to have changed into the 

 impure part of the stratum and has become a large part of the 

 formation. The hard calcareous shale described above, occurring 

 just below the Cottonwood line, in some places contains enough 

 grit to be used for whetstones, though no analysis was made of it. 

 By its constant appearance, always in the same vertical position, it 

 serves as a guide in following the Cottonwood limestone. 



The jpusulina part of the Cottonwood limestone still appears, 

 but seems to be a little harder here than farther north; yet it 

 weathers as shale. In section 8, township 24, range 9, at the head 

 of a ravine, the impure layer, which is near the bottom, has holes 

 in it and weathers so that the outcrop appears like the lower Neva. 

 This part of the stone is ten to twelve inches in thickness. There 

 is still a small amount of the molluscan layer, and Fusulina in the 

 dirt above. 



In section 16, township 21, range 9, the Cottonwood lime weath- 

 ers into a very checked honeycombed structure, and when broken 

 part of it contains small cavities filled with a red material. This 

 layer is the same near the lower part of the stratum. The forma- 

 tion here, however, is at the very top of the divide, on Colonel 

 Bailey's ranch, between the east and west branches of Fall river. 



In section 20, township 24, range 9, the honeycombed layer 

 measured at one place eighteen inches in thickness. Below this 

 layer are about six inches of the blue Cottonwood lime. As we go 

 west into the synclinal valley of the west branch of Fall river 

 it is quite noticeable that the topography of the country changes. 

 The formations above the Cottonwood limestone have been cut 

 away and the hills appear to be not so high, and from the topogra- 

 phy one would judge that it would be easy to drive across the es- 

 carpment. In the southeast quarter of section 12, township 24, 

 range 8, great massive boulders are seen, three feet thick and very 

 nearly homogeneous, honeycombed in structure, and forming a most 

 pronounced escarpment. The rocks are filled with red granules, 

 which are quite soft, and these wash out, thus causing it to weather in 

 holes. No special part of this layer is more honeycombed than 

 the other, to judge from what can be seen from the boulders. 



