84 Kansas Academy of Science. 



Above this three-foot layer is one of about six inches, softer and 

 with hard streaks running through it, looking as though half the 

 volume of it was made of some sort of large shells, but so worn as 

 to be incapable of classification. It seems to be a layer of coquina. 

 Above this layer we find another layer about one foot to eighteen 

 inches of typical blue Cottonwood limestone containing crinoid 

 stems, and an abundance of Fusuli7ia is seen in the dirt above. 

 The hardness and general lithological character of the layer of 

 Cottonwood seems perfectly normal at this point. The Fusulina 

 are in the dirt just over this layer, but do not occur in the rock for 

 many miles to the north. 



In the southeast quarter of section 3, township 24, range 8, the 

 honeycombed layer seems to have grown much less, while the nor- 

 mal Cottonwood appears to be a much larger part of the formation, 

 which is well seen here in a large cliff, and there is from one to 

 one and one-half feet of normal limestone, like the lower layer at 

 Cottonwood Falls. Abundance of Fusulina is in the dirt above. 

 The remainder of the limestone is still the impure variety, but 

 erodes more readily, thus allowing the Cottonwood part to appear 

 on the outcrop. In section 16, township 24, range 8, on the west 

 side of Cat creek, the line at the top of the Florena shales has 

 thickened up and forms a very prominent escarpment. 



Fall river seems to be in a synclinal valley running northwest 

 and southeast. On the south side of Ivanpagh creek the dip is 

 northwest about 40'. At a stock pond in the southwest quarter of 

 section 18, township 25, range 9, a little north and east of Sugar- 

 loaf, the Cottonwood lime is nicely seen in a ravine. The shelly 

 kind is at the top; the bottom part is very hard, yellow, and some- 

 what different from the massive. In the southwest quarter of sec- 

 tion 16, township 26, range 8, at a big spring and ravine, the Cot- 

 tonwood lime has changed at the top to a very yellow color, with 

 tlie normal texture. The Fusulina is seen in the dirt, but none 

 could be found in the stone. The Florena shale fauna is nicely 

 seen here. The formation makes a prominent escarpment for 

 many miles to the north, the outcrop being massive boulders, hon- 

 eycombed, rough, jagged in appearance. The top part of the lime- 

 stone seems to be not perfectly homogeneous, but softer spots 

 appear in it and some black dots. The honeycombed layer is three 

 and one-half feet thick, and when broken probably half of it is so 

 soft that it may be cut with a knife, like chalk. The other part is 

 quite hard. The impure nodular layer is about one foot in thick- 

 ness, and the Cottonwood part about six inches, the shale above 

 containing Fusulina. On the south side of section 3, township 



