88 Kansas Academy of Science. 



&mination it is found that the layer next to the top one is about 

 two feet thick, weathering in such a way as to give it this appear- 

 ance. Just below the columnar layer is one two feet thick which 

 weathers very white, and in the quarry on the north side of the raiU 

 road near the cut is seen to be a white crystalline lime. 



The columnar layer breaks up on the outcrop, looking as if it 

 had been blasted away. The railroad runs over the Cottonwood 

 stratum of limestone without making any cut in it. The layer of 

 blue, hard calcareous shale seems somewhat thicker at this point 

 and makes a layer which could apparently be mapped. The Cot- 

 tonwood limestone at this point is two or three feet thick, very 

 nodular, with seams of shale running through it, the thicker layer 

 less than two feet. The Cottonwood limestone runs into Cowley 

 county a mile and a half north of the north line of Chautauqua 

 county, in the Otter creek basin. In this basin the hills have flat- 

 tened down, the escarpment being much more difficult to follow. 



In the southwest quarter of section 19, township 30, range 8, 

 just south of the place where a house formerly stood, the remnant 

 of the Cottonwood limestone is seen to be a knotty, hard layer, 

 having the appearance of a temporary limestone. No outcrop of 

 the Cottonwood limestone can be seen for at least two miles north. 

 The limestone above the Florena shales makes a less notable es- 

 carpment, but this limestone thickens up to the south. 



In the southwest quarter of section 30, township 32, range 7,. 

 toward the head of a long branch running into Otter creek, a rather 

 high bluff is seen on the east side of the stream with several syca- 

 more trees around it, and in this bluff the only trace that could b© 

 found of the Cottonwood limestone is little knotty streaks of lime- 

 stone through the shale, a clay shale being between every streaky 

 and fossils found in it, and chunks of hard, blue, rotten, shaly 

 limestone. The fossils common to this horizon found in the shale 

 are sometimes in the limestone. The tops of these layers (if such 

 they may be called) are horizontal and in regular lamina, which 

 are separated from each other by thin layers of clay shale. The 

 lamina of limestone are not continuous, but are separated vertically 

 every few feet by patches of shale. The shale above this streak is 

 pure Florena shale seven or eight feet thick. The limestone above 

 the Florena shales begins with layers of shelly streaks of lime. 

 From the top of the upper streak of Cottonwood limestone to the 

 first solid continuous layer of limestone above the Florena shales 

 is nine to ten feet. From the appearance of the streak of fossils 

 and nodules of limestone where the Cottonwood limestone would 

 normally appear, I should say that when this material was being 



