Chemical and Physical Papers. 199 



NOTE ON THE WATERS FROM THE SANDSTONE IN 

 THE LAWRENCE SHALES. 



By C. C. Young, Chemist, State Water Survey. 



'T^HE water-bearing formations of Kansas usually yield what is 

 -*- termed hard waters. However, there are at least two distinct 

 formations from which soft waters may be obtained. These are 

 the Dakota sandstones of western Kansas and the sandstones in the 

 Lawrence shales. The latter are sometimes termed, at the southern 

 outcropping, the "Chautauqua sandstones." 



The Chautauqua sandstones give us the best examples of soft 

 waters that we have in the state. In fact, they resemble very closely 

 the waters which come from the massive granite in the Appalachian 

 system. These water-bearing sandstones extend almost entirely 

 across the state from Leavenworth to Sedan. Mr. Adams has given 

 a good description of them in volume III of the Kansas Geological 

 Survey. 



The author has recently had occasion to examine three springs 

 near Fall river, in Elk county, the analyses of which appear be- 

 low, the determinations being calculated to their probable combina- 

 tion to better show the character of the water. 



ANALYSES. 



Grams Grams Grams 



per liter. per liter. per liter. 



12 3 



NaCl 0132 .0099 .0066 



NaoCOs 0060 .0080 .0052 



NaaSOi None. Trace. .0011 



CaCOa 0073 .0097 .0068 



MgCOs 0052 .0061 .0052 



Fe.Os, AI2O3 Trace. Trace. .0008 



SiO, 0127 .0152 0134 



Total grams 0444 .0489 0386 



Total grams per gal 2.359 2.856 2.237 



In volume VII of the Kansas Geological Survey Doctor Bailey 

 has given, under "Soft Water Group," analyses of several other 

 springs in these localities, and a glance at their location will show 

 in a measure their extent. Grains 



per grallon. 



Linwood spring, Leavenworth county 9 . 90 



California spring, Franklin county 6.13 



Kansas Clarus spring, Woodson county 20.83 



Delaware spring, Wilson county 8 . 27 



