Biological Papers. 279 



Class I. MARCHANTINE^ (Hepaticse). 

 Liverworts. 

 Prostrate bilateral chlorophyllose cellular thalloid creeping stems and 

 branches, with or without a midvein; otherwise a filiform axis with two 

 rows of rudimentary leaves having no midvein. Plants with two distinct 

 surfaces, an upper, or dorsal, which develops the chlorophyl, and an under, 

 or ventral surface, which bears the rhizoids or root hairs. Reproduction is 

 by antheridia and archegonia in, on, or peduncled above, the dorsal surface 

 of the thallus. The impregnated archegonium develops into a sporophore 

 or spore-bearing capsule, sometimes called a sporogonium. 



Order I. M ARCH ANTI ALES: The Thalloid Liverworts. 



Oophores flat, prostrate, dorsiventral, radiate, dichotomously branching, 

 chlorophyllose thalli, two plates of cells or more in thickness, and 

 one or more centimeters in breadth, floating on quiet waters or 

 growing on wet earth. Antheridia and archegonia imbedded in the 

 surface of the thallus, the archegonia in flask-shaped cavities, none 

 of which open till the antherozoids and ova are mature, the one to 

 escape, the other to be impregnated. 



Sporophores club-shaped or globose bodies, sessile or stalked upon the 

 oophores, after impregnation of the ova, and developing in the 

 sporophyls many asexual spores, usually without columella or 

 elaters. 



Family 1. Ricciace^e: Crystalwort Family. 



1. Riccia frostii Austin. Wet sands near river, Kaw valley; 



common. (S) 



2. Riccia lescuriana Aust. Damp rocky ground, eastern Kansas; 



frequent. (S) 



3. Riccia crystallina Linnseus. Mud flats, near Kaw river, etc. ; 



common. ( S ) 



4. Riccia fluitans L. Stagnant pools and wet mud flats; common. 



Family 2. Marchantiace^ : Liverwort Family. 



5. Marchantia polymorpha L. Damp ground, N. and E. K. ; not 



common, but occasionally seen. (A S U) 



6. Preissia commutata Nees. Damp shales, E. K. ; common. (S) 



7. Fimbriaria tenella Nees. Damp ground, S. E. K. ; not com- 



mon. (S) 



8. Conocephalus conicus Dumortier. Shady banks, forming mats; 



common. (S) 



9. Asterella hemisphgerica Beauvois. On the ground, E. K. ; fre- 



quent. September. (S) 



Family 3. Anthocerotace^: Horn wort Family. 



10. Anthoceros laevis L. Wet clay banks, along creeks, E. K. ; 



frequent. (S) 



11. Anthoceros punctatus L. Wet banks, E. K. ; common. 



Elaters present. 



12. Notothylas orbicularis Sullivant. Wet places, S. E. K. ; oc- 



casional. Elaters not manifest. 



