Biological Papers. 79. 



or fleshy scales; after fertilization becoming globose or berry-like by coa- 

 lescence; ovules erect, two or more under each scale. Seed solitary. 



Family 29. Juniperace.e. Juniper Family. 

 Trees or shrubs dictcious, with leaves single, opposite, four-ranked, 

 scale-like, minute and closely suppressed, or six-ranked (verticillate in 

 threes), linear, pointed, divaricate. Trees of very slow growth; wood ex- 

 ceedingly fine-grained and durable; bark very thin, and separating, when 

 old, into long, ragged shreds. Androphores with numerous ovate and 

 peltate scales; the ovate scales, near the base, barren; scales at middle and 

 tip of ament inversely shield-shaped and sharp- pointed, each an androphyl; 

 at the base of each androphyl four to six globular androsporangia. Carpo- 

 phores small, conoid, globular, or oblong, making a greatly modified, almost 

 consolidated cone of three juicy scales coalesced into a berry, and enclosing 

 a single bony-coated seed; otherwise dry and chartaceous, in which the 

 scales open at maturity to liberate the seed. 



171. Juniperus communis L. Juniper. Often grows but rarely does 

 well in this dry climate when planted in parks. 



172. Juniperus hibernicEe Loodiges. Irish Juniper. Occasional in culti- 

 vation in cemeteries; not well acclimated. 



173. Juniperus hemisphgerica Presl. Dome Juniper. A dozen trees, 

 with short, stout, erect trunks, planted over thirty years ago on the thin 

 soil of the limestone summit of Mount Oread, in front of Fraser Hall, at 

 the Kansas University, Lawrence, are in excellent health and growing 

 vigorously. They now have trunks six to nine decimeters around at the 

 ground, a height of twelve decimeters, and a spread of branches on the 

 ground fully nine meters across, thus making low, broad, beautiful domes. 



174. Juniperus virginiana L. "Red Cedar"; Tree Juniper. Native on 

 northern bluff sides, where protected from annual fires; various counties 

 of the state; rare, scattered, and gradually disappearing, except where 

 planted near residences, in parks, etc, April. (A. S. U.) People are now 

 allowing these beautiful trees to become destroyed by bagworms {Thyrid- 

 opterix) and cedar-apples {Gymnosporangium) , when a very little judicious 

 attention each year, even less than it took to plant them, would save them. 

 Neglect of the trees in such manner is reprehensible and ought to be con- 

 sidered criminal, in allowing those insects and fungi to multiply and scatter 

 to destroy one's neighbor's trees, not only the junipers, but the apple or- 

 chards near. 



Family 30. CuPRESSACEiE. Cypress Family. 

 Monoecious trees or shrubs, with minute, opposite, appressed, four- 

 ranked or scattered scale-like leaves. Carpellate cones small, globular or 

 oblong, of few valvate or peltate scales, sometimes only two fertile; ovules 

 erect, two or more under each fertile scale; cotyledons two, rarely more. 



175. Thuya occidentalis L. "White Cedar"; Arbor-vitse. Cultivation 

 often attempted without much success. A few trees twenty feet high and 

 twenty-five years old are to be seen. 



176. Thuya orientalis L. Chinese Arbor-vitae. Preferred by some as 

 an ornamental tree. 



177. Thuya (Biota) tatarica Endlicher (1830). Tartarian Arbor-vitte. 

 Barely reaches a height of six meters where planted; climate too hot. 



