190 Kansas Academy of Science. 



from the creek valleys. Some low dunes probably rise higher 

 than the former lake level, upon the higher Carboniferous 

 platform v^est of Wamego. From these elevations and the 

 comparatively flat divide south of Rock creek the upland sur- 

 face declines gently to the southwest. The bluffs bordering 

 the river flood plain are over a hundred feet above the plain 

 at St. George, and but little lower near the Big Blue near St. 

 Patrick's church. 



A yellow clayey silt fills the bowldery channel north of Man- 

 hattan. A similar deposit rises as a terrace north of Ogden, 

 which may be the old delta of Seven Mile creek. Its base is 

 sandy and its summit is 70 to 80 feet above the river. 



Another deposit very similar occurs near Fort Riley. It 

 was called loess by Robert Hay. 



5. Chert Gravels. 



These constitute a very interesting feature of eastern Kan- 

 sas. Along all the streams flowing eastward from the cherty 

 strata of the Permian there are conspicuous terraces capped 

 with chert gravel. They are noticeable at Alma, Paxico and 

 other similar locations. They are usually on the north side 

 of the streams. 



Such a stratum has been observed at several points in the 

 basin of Kaw Lake. It varies in thickness and purity, and 

 also considerably in altitude. It is found in the bottom of the 

 ancient channel north of Manhattan, about 100 feet above the 

 Big Blue. It is found a mile southwest of Mt. Zion church at 

 about the same altitude. 



Northeast of St. George it is about 150 feet above the river 

 south. On the top of the Carboniferous bluffs between St. 

 George and Wamego and extending north of the latter place, 

 it is 100 to 120 feet above the river south. The difference in 

 altitude may correspond to the differences in altitude between 

 the bottom of the channel and the banks, and possibly low 

 terraces. 



South of the Kansas river it has not been found in the basin, 

 except southwest of Wabaunsee, east of Deep creek, and about 

 135 feet above that stream. 



In all these localities red quartzite bowlders occur, lying on 

 the chert, but never in it. 



Along Pretty creek a little outside of the basin the chert 

 stratum has been traced at the proper level to connect with 



