92 Kansas Acadenijj of Science. 



and the two stopped in the narrow gap between Eagle Cliff and Giant- 

 track mountains, and here left their front moraines. Later, when the 

 Moraine Park glacier melted back to and up the canyons, the front and 

 lateral moraines impounded the water from the melting ice and thus pro- 

 duced a lake two or three miles in length and nearly one mile in width. 



Gradually this lake became filled with silt from the mountains and 

 the moraines, slowly the outlet of the lake lowered its channel through 

 the front moraine till in the course of time the green of dry land re- 

 placed the blue of the water, and Moraine Park was formed. 



Students of Rock Mountain history will be interested in a bowlder 

 which lies at the gateway to the park which shows that the present 

 mountains were formed where ancient mountains had yielded to the 

 pounding of the waves of an old-time ocean. This bowlder consists of 

 rounded pebbles of granite, mica schist and beach sand, all fused into a 

 compact rock, when the present mountains were crushed and folded and 

 made into a mighty range during the Tertiary period. 



On the north side of Moraine Park lies a moderately developed lat- 

 eral moraine, but on the south side is the remarkable ridge of bowlders 

 from which the park takes its name. At its middle part this moraine 

 rises five hundred feet above the park floor on the north and four hundred 

 feet above the valley of Mill creek on the south. From this middle point 

 the moraine slopes endwise to the eastward till it dies down a short 

 distance beyond the terminal moraine on the Thompson river. From 

 its remarkable development and its straight course, this moraine must 

 have been formed between two glaciers, and is therefore an interglacial 

 moraine comparable with the interlobate moraines of the continental 

 glacier of Wisconsin and eastward. It would be strange if there were 

 not a ridge of gneiss in the axis of this moraine, but no rock in place 

 was observed. 



Still further south, between Mill creek and Glacier creek, is another 

 moraine of similar character, but of more massive proportions. Its 

 crest is a thousand feet higher than the crest of its companion inter- 

 glacial moraine to the north, and it rises 650 feet above the valley of 

 Glacier creek on the south. This interglacial moraine heads near Flat- 

 top mountain and Hallett's peak, and extends in a northeasterly direction 

 nearly to the Y. M. C. A. conference ground. It must have been formed 

 from glaciers that flowed down Mill creek valley on the north and a 

 powerful group of ice rivers on the south, which flowed out of Glacier 

 gorge. Loch Vale and the Tyndall Glacier valley. The southern slope of 

 the moraine is very abrupt and can be climbed by horses only by fol- 

 lowing a zigzag trail. The northern slope is more moderate and is 

 heavily forested with pine, especially in the vicinity of Bierstadt lake 

 and Bear lake. 



Other moraines undoubtedly border the valleys in this heavily gla- 

 ciated region north of the Long's peak group of mountains, but more 

 time than the writer had at his disposal would be necessary to enable 

 one to make a detailed description of them. 



Four miles up Fall river from Estes Park village, a short distance 

 beyond the fish hatchery, is the best developed terminal moraine seen in 



