Semi-Cent ennial Volume. 



193 



flavors. Karo and Mary Jane are examples of such products. Glucose, 

 grape sugar and caramel are all extensively used in confectionery, and 

 glucose is a constituent of many commercial jellies, preserves, etc., being 

 used to give body, as it is itself deficient in sweetness or other flavor. 



When starch is taken into the alimentary tract the digestive enzymes 

 cause it to pass through the same series of chemical transformations 

 that has been described as the result of the glucose manufacturer's art. 

 It is, therefore, obvious that the artificial products are perfectly whole- 

 some. As they come into competition with similar substances in which 

 the sweet taste or sirupy consistence is due to cane sugar, or beet sugar, 

 which are more expensive, it will be seen that food economy is furthered 

 by the use of these glucose products, but that fair trade requires that 

 they be sold for what they are, with no attempt to dispose of them as 

 cane or beet sugar products. 



There are several commercial feeds derived from corn, the composition 

 of which is shown in Table IV. The simplest is corn chop, which is 

 coarsely ground corn, and would, of course, have the same composition as 

 does corn. In the production of starch, which is to a large extent manu- 

 factured for immediate conversion into glucose, the corn is steeped for 

 some time to soften it, and is then ground in such a way as not to break 

 up the germs and is separated, by means of running water and suitable 

 machinery, into hulls, germs, starch, and protein substances in an im- 

 pure state. The corn germs are usually separately handled and are 

 ground and pressed to remove the oil, which is an important article of 

 commerce. The residue is sold as corn germ cake, or ground and sold 

 as germ oil meal. The protein substances, if separated and dried, con- 

 stitute gluten meal, one of the richest of feeds in respect to protein and 

 fat. It is not largely used as such, but is gi-ound together with the hulls 

 or corn bran, and the product is sold under the name of gluten feed, now 

 the largest by-product of the glucose factories. 



In the manufacture of hominy and grits the hulls together with some 

 of the starchy substances of the corn grain are combined into a concen- 

 trated product known as hominy feed. Corn bran is seldom sold as a 

 separate feed. 



Table V. — Mineral Elements of Cereal Products. Percentages in the Dry 

 Substances. Forbes ei al. 



Corn 



Corn meal, bolted 



Com brand 



Pearl hominy 



Wheat 



Wheat flour 



Wheat bran 



Rice, polished 



Rice poliabings 



Kafir corn 



Oata 



13— .\cad. Sci.-2199 



275 

 .245 

 .125 

 .092 

 .387 

 .085 



1.199 

 .101 



1.656 

 .r59 

 .375 



