MOEPHOLOGY OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS PUPA. 205 



Fif;-. 18. Natural size. The last three segments of a male pupa, seen from the ventral aspect, showin-? 

 tlie appearance of the male organ when looked at without inagiiitieation. 



Fig. 19. X 2. The median ventral area of the ninth and the anterior part of the tenth abdominal seg- 

 ments of the pupa represented in the last figure, showing the form of the male organs with 

 greater distinctness. The three minute pits in front of the reproductive organ are probably 

 merely an accidental conformation of the cuticle, for they are not fouud in other individuals 

 (compare fig. 17). 



Figs. 20, 21. The Terminal Abdominal Segments of the Pupa of Sphinx ligustri. 



Fig. 20. X 4. The ninth and tenth abdominal segments of a male pupa, seen from the ventral aspect, 

 showing the sculpture of the surface and the male reproductive organ. The latter is typical ; 

 its relation to the boundary between the ninth and tenth abdominal segments is better shown 

 in the next figure, where it is seen to be nearly the same as in Acherontia atropos (fig. 17). 



Fig. 21. X 26. The median ventral area of the ninth and adjacent parts of the eighth and tenth abdo- 

 minal segments, showing the male organ and the surface sculpture very distinctly ; the lateral 

 tuljcrcles are more closely applied than in Acherontia atropos. The pit in front of the re- 

 productive organ is merely an individual peculiarity. 



Figs. 22, 23. The Terminal Alidominal Segments of the Pupa of Deilephila euphorbice. 



Fig. 22. Natural size. The last three segments of a male pupa, seen from the right side. The rudi- 

 mentary spiracle and the scar of the caudal horn are seen on the eighth abdominal. The hori- 

 zontal furrow which divides the tenth abdominal into a dorsal (rostral) and ventral (anal) part 

 is unusually distinct. The division is rendered especially apparent because the dorsal part 

 extends further anteriorly than the ventral, so that the ninth aljdominal is narrow in front of 

 the former and becomes suddenly broader in front of the latter. 



Fig. 23. X 2G. The median ventral area of the ninth and adjacent parts of the eighth and toith abdo- 

 minal segments, showing the male organ and the sculpture of the surface very distinctly. The 

 male organ is somewhat asymmetrical. Tlic two tubercles in front of it are probably an 

 individual jjeculiarity. 



Figs. 24, 25. The Terminal Abdominal Segments of the Pupa of Macroglossa stellatarum. 



Fig. 24. X 4. The last four segments of a female pupa, seen from the ventral aspect. The functional 

 spiracles on the seventh abdominal and the rudimentary spiracles on the eighth are represented 

 in profile. The posterior part of the pupa gradually tapers into the sharp black rostrum. The 

 anus (A) is distinct. The chief peculiarity of the pupa is the remarkable distinctness of both 

 the female reproductive apertures. Although clearly seen in this figure, their relation to tlie 

 segments is l^ettcr studied in the more highly magnified fig. 25. 



Fig. 25. X 40. The median ventral area of the last three segments of the pupa represented in the pre- 

 ceding figure. Of the very distinct reproductive openings, the anterior, leading into the bursa 

 copulatrix, is seen to belong to the eighth abdominal, while the iiosterior, opening into the 

 oviducts, apparently belongs to the ninth abdominal. The ventral prolongation of the boundary 

 between the ninth and tenth abdominal is marked liy a narrow pointed median band prolonged 

 from the area round the anus (A). The latter is very distinct. The surface of the pupa is 

 everywhere marked by circles with a dot in the centre of each, representing the (bristle- 

 bearing) shagreen tubercles of the larva. The figure was drawn from a transparent object. 



31* 



