166 DR. C. CHILTON ON THE SUBTERRANEAN 



and it is assigned to tliis species also by Spence Bate and Westwood [4, p. 316]. Wrzesniowski [121', 

 p. 6021 thinks that the description given is scarcely sufficient to enable us to decide whether the animal 

 belongs to Niphargus aquilex, Schiodte, or Crangowjx compactus, Spence Bate ; but in the latter 

 species the terminal uropoda are not very long, and, as Leach specially mentions that they are long in 

 his specimen, it appears more likely that it is a Niphargus. 



I. C. Zenker. From a remark made by Zenker in connection with Gammarus pulex, Leydig infers 

 [73, p. 245], and according to Wrzesniowski [124, p. 602] with good reason, that Zenker had met 

 with Niphargus puteanus in Thuringia. 



Paul Gervais, in 1835, in a paper [46] describing the freshwater Gammarids of Paris, after giving 

 the two species Gammarus pulex, Fabr., and G. Roeselii {=G. fluviatills, Roesel), says: "There is also 

 found in the environs of Paris, but only in the water from wells, a third kind of shrimp, remarkable 

 for its small size, which does not in fact exceed 3 or 4 mm." He considers this simply a " variete de 

 sejour," and draws attention to its slender appearance — " est constamment etiolee " — and to the fact 

 that its eyes are without pigment and not apparent. He names it Gammarus pulex minutus [46, p. 127]. 

 This name he afterwards altered to Gammarus lacteus, but without giving any further description of 

 any value [47, p. 488] . 



C. L. Koch [69]. About the same time Koch described a species under the name Gammarus 

 puteanus from wells at Ratisbon (" Regensburg "), giving the following diagnosis: " G. diaphano- 

 albus, lateribus suboehraceis, testis caudse iuermibus ; articulo penultimo pedum 4 anteriorum 

 quadrato." He does not describe it as blind, but says "Die Augen sind gelb" [69, h. 5, n. 2]. 

 Wrzesniowski gives the species under the provisional name Niphargus ratisbonensis ? [124, p. 673]. 

 Later on Koch describes a variety found " in den Brunnen der Stadt Zweibriicken," differing from the 

 specimens from Ratisbon in colour and in the shape of the hands of the guathopoda [69, h. 36, n. 22] . 

 KocVs work was issued in parts, and it appears to be very difficult to determine the exact date at 

 which each part appeared. See Stebbing [108, p. 158] . 



H. Milne-Edwards, in 1840, describes Gammarus pungens [77, iii. p. 47], from " les eanx thermales 

 du Mont Cassini en Italic," as having " le petit appendice terminal des dernieres fausses pates 

 tout-k-fait rudimentaire, et le grand appendice ti-es-poilu et il peine epineux." Spence Bate [5, p. 217, 

 & 4, p. 314] and Stebbing [108, p. 253] consider this a Niphargus. At the same time Milne-Edwards 

 also describes another species, Gammarus Ermannii \77, iii. p. 49], from warm springs of Kamtschatka; 

 Spence Bate, who saw the specimen preserved in the Museum of the .Tardin des Plantes, afterwards 

 placed this species under the genus Crangonyx [5, p. 179]. 



Theodor G. Tellkampf, in 1844, in describing some new species of Arthropoda from the Mammoth 

 Cave of Kentucky, gives, under the head of " Crustacea, Malacostraca," the species Triura cavernicola 

 [109, pp. 321, 322, pi. 18]. Schiodte and afterwards Boeck suggested that the species belonged to the 

 Amphipoda, and Dana (Choristopoda, p. 306), in a note says : — "Genus Triura, Tellkampf, Rhoeee 

 forsan affinis." Stebbing [108, p. 208], after giving a portion of TellkarapPs description, gives also a 

 copy of his figure, and says that it will suffice to show that tiic animal cannot belong to the Amphipoda. 

 A. S. Packard, junr., had, moreover, already shown in 1871 that the animal is not a Crustacean at all, 

 but belongs to the Thysanurous Neuroptera, and that it is probably the same as Marhilis variabilis, 

 Say : Tellkampf's erroneous reference of the animal to the Crustacea having been caused by his 

 mistaking the labial and maxillary palpi for feet, and regarding the nine pairs of abdominal spines as 

 feet [82, p. 14] . 



J. C. Schiodte, in 1847, briefly communicated to the Academic des Sciences dc Copeuhague the 

 results of his researches on the fauna of the caves of Carniola and Istria, and gives a short diagnosis of 

 Gammarus stygius [93, p. 81]. In a later work, published 1849-51, he minutely described the species, 

 figured it, and formed for it the new genus Niphargus [91, pp. 26-28]. According to Humbert [62, 

 p. 283] he did not notice the great resemblances between his species and Gammarus puteanus, Koch. 



