CRUSTACEA OF NEW ZEALAND. 167 



In the same paper, Schiiidtc also describes with great fulness, and figures, Pherusa alba, Koch, an 

 isopod belonging to the OniscidiE. As the name Pherusa was preoccupied, he renames the species 

 Titanethes albus, placing it in " Ordo Isopoda — Familia 0«/sc('— Tribus Oniscini." Owing to Koch's 

 use of the name Pherusa, earlier employed among the Anijjhipoda, it appears that Schiodte's Titanethes 

 has itself been spoken of as an Amphipod. With regard to this species, Spence Bate [4, ii. p. 440] gives 

 the reference "' Herrich Schaffer, Contin. of Panzer,' fasc. 180, pi. 24," and this, together with the 

 above quoted from Stebbing [108, p. 24], is all the informatiou I can gather on this species. 



HoBERT Caspary [19], in 1849, gave a full account with figures of Gammarus puteanus, Koch, from 

 specimens found at Elberfeld. He was not able to discover eyes, although he examined more than 30 

 specimens. The small size of his specimens (4-6 mm.) and the absence of eggs from the brood-pouches 

 of the females show, says Wrzesniowski [124, p. 603], that he had to deal with very young specimens. 

 He considers the mouth-parts, but, according to Wrzesniowski [124, p. 603], gives an incorrect figure 

 of the palp of the first maxillae. 



In his list [15] giving the synonymy of Asellus sieboIdU, de Rougemont { = A. cavaticus, Schiodte), 



Bovallius gives a reference to this pa])er by Caspary, as follows : — " 1849 Fulilrott. (Caspary), in 



Verhandl. des naturh. Vereins dcr preuss. llheinlande uud Westfalens, Jahrg. 6, fig. ; " thus without 

 mentioning any name as used by Caspary. I am unable to consult Caspary's paper, and therefore cannot 

 say what information, if any, he gives on Asel/ns cavaticus. Accoi-ding to Packard [83, p. 146], Caspary 

 gives a " figure, without name, of Asellus cavaticus, Leydig." The next entry in Bovallius's list of 

 synonyms is under the date 1871 [15, p. 11]. 



A. Hosius [61], in 1850, sets forth very fully the characters which separate the three species, Gam- 

 marus pulex from running waters, Gammarus fluviatilis ( = G. Roselii, Gervais) from still or weakly 

 flowing waters, and Gammarus puteanus from wells. He compares the three species as regards the 

 maxillae, and gives two drawings of the maxilhe of G. puteanus, taken from Caspary, and retaining the 

 erroneous figuring of the palp. The incorrectness was also pointed out by Spence Bate and Westwood 

 [4, i. p. 311]. 



A. Costa [32], in 1851, gives, among others in his list of Amphipoda, Gammarus lomjicaudatus from 

 the drinking-water of Naples, and G. montanus from the Lago del Maltese. Afterwards he admitted 

 that the two were the same, and the first as " Gammarus longicaudata," A. Costa, appears alone in his 

 Catalogue [see Stebbing, 108, p. 249]. Wrzesniowski gives the species under Nipharyus [124, 

 p. 696-7]. Spence Bate and Westwood, without comment, give it as a synonym of Niphargus aquilex, 

 Schiodte [4, i. p. 316]. 



J. 0. Westwood [120], in April 1853, communicated to the Linneau Society the discovery of a well- 

 shrimp in a well near Maidenhead, England. This was at the time referred to Niphargus stygius, 

 Schiodte, hut was afterwards separated under the name Niphargus aquilex by Schiodte [95, pp. 349- 

 351]. Bate and Westwood point out that Schiodte has been misled into describing it with " dorso 

 carinato " by examining dried specimens, but they retain his name Niphargus aquilex on other grounds 

 [4, i. p. 317]. 



In an anonymous paper on some Crustacea [57], quoted by Stebbing thus : — "Anonymous (? Halli- 

 day)," Latin diagnoses of the genus Niphargus and the two species iV. sti/gius and A'^. aquilex are given. 

 The full account of the former is given in English as applying equally well to the latter, except for the 

 differences mentioned in the diagnoses. As these amounted to little more than applying a smooth 

 back to A^. stygius, and by mistake a keeled one to N. aquilex, Spence Bate was, he says, misled by this 

 to assume the identity of the two species. 



Adam White [121] in Lis ' Popular History of British Crustacea,' in 1857, omits the Gammarus 

 subterraneus. Leach, which he had previously suggested might be " Gammarus pulex, var. jun. ?." He 

 changes Niphargus stygius, Westwood, into Niphargus aquilex, Schiodte, and asks whether this may not 

 be the Gammarus subterraneus of Leach [see 108, p. 305]. 



