170 DR. C. CHILTON ON THE SUBTEREANEAN 



the well-shrimps which he had taken at Ghent, and which had also been collected by Professor Bellynck at 

 Namur. He calls his specimens Gaminarus puteanus, Koch, and states that they have triangular, 

 pigmentless eyes. Plateau appears to have been acquainted only with Koch's work on Niphargus, and 

 ignores the works of later writers. 



GusTAV Joseph [65], in 1868, recorded the finding of a new species of Niphargus, N. orcinus, in the 

 brooks of the hill- grottoes of Carniola, "which probably from these reaches the lake of Zirlenitz [Zirk- 

 nitz], where it can be freely gathered. It comes to the surface after sunset in calm weather." — See 

 Stebbing [108, p. 384]. The full description of this species was not given till 1882. 



F. A. FoREL [38J, in 1869, indicated for the first time the existence of blind Gammarids from the 

 deep waters of the Lake of Geneva. Afterwards, in 1873, similar animals were found in the Lake of 

 Neuchatel. 



BoECK [14], in his work published in 1870, gives the genus Niphargus, Schiodte, for the single 

 marine species Eriopis elongatus, Bruzelius. 



Paul Godet [48, p. 153], in 1871, described three specimens of a Gammarus found in a well at 

 Neuchatel, pointing out the characters by which they differ from Gammarus fluviaiilis, and comparing 

 them with G. puteanus, Koch, and G. puteanus, La Valette. Stebbing says that, judging by the figui'C, 

 it cannot be far removed from Niphargtis aquilex, Schiodte [108, p. 1630]. 



A notice of Godet's observations on these well-shrimps had been previously communicated to the 

 Societe des Sciences natureUes de Neuchatel, by P. Coulou, in 1867. See Wrzesniowski [124, 

 p. 605] . 



S. I. S.vuTH [102], in 1871, among other Crustacea dredged from Lake Superior, in North America, 

 describes Crangonyx gracilis. Smith, n. s., and says that it much resembles C. recurvatus [yecurvus^, 

 Grube, " in the form of the antennulte, antennae, gnathopoda, &c., while it differs much in the ultimate 

 pleopoda and in the form of the telson." It is important to note the occurrence of this species, though 

 not blind, in connection with the question of the distribution and origin of the subterranean forms. 



A. S. Packard, Jun. [81], 1871, iu describing the Crustaceans and Insects of the Mammoth Cave, 

 describes an Isopod as a new genus and species under tlie name Ccecidotea stygia. This species was 

 described from imperfect specimens, and its structure and affinities were consequently completely 

 misunderstood. In point of fact it has nothing whatever to do with Idotta, but comes very close to 

 Asellus, with which it is indeed united by Forbes [41, p. 11]. It will be further noticed in the account 

 of Packard's larger work on the ' Cave Fauna of North America ' [83]. 



E. D. Cope [30, pp. 6 and 14], in 1872, found iu a cave adjoining the Wyandotte Cave an Isopod 

 which he refers to the genus Ccecidotea, previously established by Packard, but describes it as a new 

 species, C. microcephala. He gives a description and figure of the species, but owing to imperfect 

 specimens his account is even more unsuccessful than Packard's : thus he describes and figures the 

 uropoda as " egg-pouches full of eggs." This is the species which had been referred to by Cope in a 

 previous paper as an " unknown Crustacean with external egg-pouches " [29] . Packard has since 

 united it with his Ctecidotea stygia [83, p. 29]. 



In the same paper [30, pp. 8 and 17] Cope also describes a blind Amphipod under the name Stygo- 

 bromus vitreus, nov. gen. et sp. He says that his genus is nearer to the true Gammarus than to 

 Niphargus, Schiodte ; but his description is very unsatisfactory, and gives no assistance in the attempt to 

 ascertain the true position of the animal. S. I. Smith afterwards referred this species to Crangonyx 

 under the name C. vitreus. Cope, and it appears under this name in Packard's larger work [83, 

 p. 34]. 



