180 DR. C. CHILTON ON THE SUBTEIUIANEAN 



Wrzesniowski, however, makes this form a separate species under the provisional name Niphargus 

 Monk'zi, considering it a connecting-form between Niphargus and Crangonyx [ISi, p. G72]. 



Moniez did not finA. Asellus cavaticiis along with Niphargus jmteanus at Lille, although these two 

 species arc frequently found associated. He accounts for this by suggesting that owing to the habits of 

 the animal it is not so likely to he drawn up the pumps as the Amphipods are. He gives, however, 

 brief notices of the vai'ious Isopods found by other authors in wells, caves, &c., as he has already done a 

 few pages previously for the Amphipods found in similar situations. 



August Wrzesxiowski [123], in 1888, published an elaborate paper in the Polish language under 

 the title " De tribns Crustaceis Amphipodis snbterraneis." In 1890 there appeared a translation, 

 apparently with some additions and alterations, in German [124]. This exceedingly careful and con- 

 scientious work will he quite indispensable to all future students of the subterranean Crustacea, and it 

 will therefore be sufficient to indicate here briefly the contents of the paper. Some of the more general 

 questions raised are considered elsewhere. 



Tiie paper commences with a full historical sketch of the subject, which I have freely made use of in 

 drawing np the present account. Wrzesniowski, however, deals only with the Amphipoda. Then 

 follows a discussion on the genera Gammarus, Niphargus, Eriopis, Crangonyx, Goplana, and Boruta, the 

 genus Eriopis, Bruzelius, being retained under the altered form Eriopsis, and a new genus Boruta being 

 established apparently nearly related to Goplana, Wrzesniowski, but differing in some details of the 

 mouth-parts. The three new Amphipods described are Niphargus tatrensis, sp. uov., Niphargus puteanus, 

 var. Vejdovshji, var. nov., and Borvta tenebraruni, nov. gen. et sp. These species are described at 

 great length and compared with previously described species, the mouth-parts in particular receiving 

 special attention and being figured with great care. There is a discussion on the multiplicity of species 

 of Niphargiis, with an elaborate criticism of the views of de Rougemont, an account of the geographical 

 distribution of the subterranean Gammarids and of their probable origin, a bibliographical list of works 

 relating to the subject, and tables of measurements of the different species. 



I regret exceedingly that my imperfect knowledge of German has prevented me from making as full 

 use of this paper as I should like to have done. 



III. The History, Distribution, and Occurrence of the New Zealand 



SUBTERRANEA.N CRUSTACEA. 



The occurrence of blind Crustacea in tlie underground waters of Canterbury, New 

 Zealand, was first recorded by me in a pajier read before the Philosophical Institute 

 of Canterbury, on the 3rd November, 1881 [22]. This paper contained descriptions 

 illustrated with figures of four new species, — one Isopod, Criiregensfontanus, and three 

 Amphipods, Crangonyx com,pactns, Calliope subterranea, and Gammarus fragilis, — and 

 was subsequently published in the ' Transactions of the New Zealand Institute.' 



In 1882, in a second paper read before the same Institute on the 5th October [23], I 

 made a few additions and corrections to the first jiaper, giving a few facts as to the 

 occurrence of the different s]3ecies, and also described another Isopod, Fhreatoicus 

 typicus, a new species and genus for which I have since made a separate family, the 

 Phreatoicidaj [26, p. 151]. 



The five species mentioned above had all been obtained from a well at East Eyreton, 

 about 13 or 14 miles from Christchurch, and most of them were subsequently obtained 

 from other wells in the immediate neighbourhood. Nothing further of importance 



